Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis of the Inorganic Deposits from Water in Domestic and Technical Heat Exchangers
The deposition of insoluble inorganic substances on heat exchanger surfaces has a strong negative influence on the heat transfer and thus on the performance of the apparatus and the process. The analysis of the deposits is a crucial step towards the development of suitable technologies for scaling m...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-03-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/4/798 |
| _version_ | 1798034717018161152 |
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| author | Johannes Kiefer Alexander Stärk Agnita Lynda Kiefer Heike Glade |
| author_facet | Johannes Kiefer Alexander Stärk Agnita Lynda Kiefer Heike Glade |
| author_sort | Johannes Kiefer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The deposition of insoluble inorganic substances on heat exchanger surfaces has a strong negative influence on the heat transfer and thus on the performance of the apparatus and the process. The analysis of the deposits is a crucial step towards the development of suitable technologies for scaling mitigation and prevention. Such analysis, however, is challenging and often requires advanced instrumentation and sample preparation. To overcome this problem, we present a straightforward analytical approach based on Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. We demonstrate that FTIR spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the chemical analysis of inorganic deposits. For example, it can identify the common anions in scales such as sulfates and carbonates. It can even distinguish between salts with the same anion but different cations such as calcium and sodium. Test measurements are performed on the deposits from a domestic water cooker and from the evaporator of a seawater desalination pilot plant. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:48:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4a42b6d164c048678d261a334e2631c0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:48:08Z |
| publishDate | 2018-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-4a42b6d164c048678d261a334e2631c02022-12-22T04:03:57ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732018-03-0111479810.3390/en11040798en11040798Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis of the Inorganic Deposits from Water in Domestic and Technical Heat ExchangersJohannes Kiefer0Alexander Stärk1Agnita Lynda Kiefer2Heike Glade3Technische Thermodynamik, Universität Bremen, Badgasteiner Str. 1, 28359 Bremen, GermanyTechnische Thermodynamik, Universität Bremen, Badgasteiner Str. 1, 28359 Bremen, GermanyTechnische Thermodynamik, Universität Bremen, Badgasteiner Str. 1, 28359 Bremen, GermanyTechnische Thermodynamik, Universität Bremen, Badgasteiner Str. 1, 28359 Bremen, GermanyThe deposition of insoluble inorganic substances on heat exchanger surfaces has a strong negative influence on the heat transfer and thus on the performance of the apparatus and the process. The analysis of the deposits is a crucial step towards the development of suitable technologies for scaling mitigation and prevention. Such analysis, however, is challenging and often requires advanced instrumentation and sample preparation. To overcome this problem, we present a straightforward analytical approach based on Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. We demonstrate that FTIR spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the chemical analysis of inorganic deposits. For example, it can identify the common anions in scales such as sulfates and carbonates. It can even distinguish between salts with the same anion but different cations such as calcium and sodium. Test measurements are performed on the deposits from a domestic water cooker and from the evaporator of a seawater desalination pilot plant.http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/4/798Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopychemical analysisscaledebrisheat exchangerboilercarbonatesulfate |
| spellingShingle | Johannes Kiefer Alexander Stärk Agnita Lynda Kiefer Heike Glade Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis of the Inorganic Deposits from Water in Domestic and Technical Heat Exchangers Energies Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy chemical analysis scale debris heat exchanger boiler carbonate sulfate |
| title | Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis of the Inorganic Deposits from Water in Domestic and Technical Heat Exchangers |
| title_full | Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis of the Inorganic Deposits from Water in Domestic and Technical Heat Exchangers |
| title_fullStr | Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis of the Inorganic Deposits from Water in Domestic and Technical Heat Exchangers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis of the Inorganic Deposits from Water in Domestic and Technical Heat Exchangers |
| title_short | Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis of the Inorganic Deposits from Water in Domestic and Technical Heat Exchangers |
| title_sort | infrared spectroscopic analysis of the inorganic deposits from water in domestic and technical heat exchangers |
| topic | Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy chemical analysis scale debris heat exchanger boiler carbonate sulfate |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/4/798 |
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