Current biomarkers and treatment strategies in Alzheimer disease: An overview and future perspectives
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive degenerative disorder first identified by Alois Alzheimer in 1907, poses a significant public health challenge. Despite its prevalence and impact, there is currently no definitive ante mortem diagnosis for AD pathogenesis. By 2050, the United States may f...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-06-01
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| Series: | IBRO Neuroscience Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242123022819 |
| _version_ | 1797391709760389120 |
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| author | Ritesh P. Bhole Rupesh V. Chikhale Karishma M. Rathi |
| author_facet | Ritesh P. Bhole Rupesh V. Chikhale Karishma M. Rathi |
| author_sort | Ritesh P. Bhole |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive degenerative disorder first identified by Alois Alzheimer in 1907, poses a significant public health challenge. Despite its prevalence and impact, there is currently no definitive ante mortem diagnosis for AD pathogenesis. By 2050, the United States may face a staggering 13.8 million AD patients. This review provides a concise summary of current AD biomarkers, available treatments, and potential future therapeutic approaches. The review begins by outlining existing drug targets and mechanisms in AD, along with a discussion of current treatment options. We explore various approaches targeting Amyloid β (Aβ), Tau Protein aggregation, Tau Kinases, Glycogen Synthase kinase-3β, CDK-5 inhibitors, Heat Shock Proteins (HSP), oxidative stress, inflammation, metals, Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) modulators, and Notch signaling. Additionally, we examine the historical use of Estradiol (E2) as an AD therapy, as well as the outcomes of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) that evaluated antioxidants (e.g., vitamin E) and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as alternative treatment options. Notably, positive effects of docosahexaenoic acid nutriment in older adults with cognitive impairment or AD are highlighted. Furthermore, this review offers insights into ongoing clinical trials and potential therapies, shedding light on the dynamic research landscape in AD treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T23:37:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4a46eb517c71452f81e5a18dde8cc2d1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2667-2421 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T23:37:36Z |
| publishDate | 2024-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IBRO Neuroscience Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-4a46eb517c71452f81e5a18dde8cc2d12023-12-14T05:24:09ZengElsevierIBRO Neuroscience Reports2667-24212024-06-0116842Current biomarkers and treatment strategies in Alzheimer disease: An overview and future perspectivesRitesh P. Bhole0Rupesh V. Chikhale1Karishma M. Rathi2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D. Y. Patil institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Pimpri, Pune, India; Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune 411018, IndiaUCL School of Pharmacy, London, United KingdomDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Dr. D. Y. Patil institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Pimpri, Pune, India; Correspondence to: Dr. D. Y. Patil Unitech Society’s, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra 4311018, India.Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive degenerative disorder first identified by Alois Alzheimer in 1907, poses a significant public health challenge. Despite its prevalence and impact, there is currently no definitive ante mortem diagnosis for AD pathogenesis. By 2050, the United States may face a staggering 13.8 million AD patients. This review provides a concise summary of current AD biomarkers, available treatments, and potential future therapeutic approaches. The review begins by outlining existing drug targets and mechanisms in AD, along with a discussion of current treatment options. We explore various approaches targeting Amyloid β (Aβ), Tau Protein aggregation, Tau Kinases, Glycogen Synthase kinase-3β, CDK-5 inhibitors, Heat Shock Proteins (HSP), oxidative stress, inflammation, metals, Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) modulators, and Notch signaling. Additionally, we examine the historical use of Estradiol (E2) as an AD therapy, as well as the outcomes of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) that evaluated antioxidants (e.g., vitamin E) and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as alternative treatment options. Notably, positive effects of docosahexaenoic acid nutriment in older adults with cognitive impairment or AD are highlighted. Furthermore, this review offers insights into ongoing clinical trials and potential therapies, shedding light on the dynamic research landscape in AD treatment.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242123022819Alzheimer's diseaseBiomarkersTreatmentDrug targetsDrug therapyFuture scope |
| spellingShingle | Ritesh P. Bhole Rupesh V. Chikhale Karishma M. Rathi Current biomarkers and treatment strategies in Alzheimer disease: An overview and future perspectives IBRO Neuroscience Reports Alzheimer's disease Biomarkers Treatment Drug targets Drug therapy Future scope |
| title | Current biomarkers and treatment strategies in Alzheimer disease: An overview and future perspectives |
| title_full | Current biomarkers and treatment strategies in Alzheimer disease: An overview and future perspectives |
| title_fullStr | Current biomarkers and treatment strategies in Alzheimer disease: An overview and future perspectives |
| title_full_unstemmed | Current biomarkers and treatment strategies in Alzheimer disease: An overview and future perspectives |
| title_short | Current biomarkers and treatment strategies in Alzheimer disease: An overview and future perspectives |
| title_sort | current biomarkers and treatment strategies in alzheimer disease an overview and future perspectives |
| topic | Alzheimer's disease Biomarkers Treatment Drug targets Drug therapy Future scope |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242123022819 |
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