Performance evaluation of palm oil clinker as cement and sand replacement materials in foamed concrete
Cellular lightweight concrete (CLC), also known as foamed concrete, has been extensively used in construction for decades. Foamed concrete’s properties include low density, excellent thermal conductivity, great workability, and selfcompaction; these features enable foamed concrete to be utilized in...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Vilnius Gediminas Technical University
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of Civil Engineering and Management |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.vilniustech.lt/index.php/JCEM/article/view/19785 |
| _version_ | 1797651029425127424 |
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| author | Farhang Salari U. Johnson Alengaram Ahmed Mahmoud Alnahhal Zainah Ibrahim Karthick Srinivas M Muhammad S. I. Ibrahim Anand N |
| author_facet | Farhang Salari U. Johnson Alengaram Ahmed Mahmoud Alnahhal Zainah Ibrahim Karthick Srinivas M Muhammad S. I. Ibrahim Anand N |
| author_sort | Farhang Salari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Cellular lightweight concrete (CLC), also known as foamed concrete, has been extensively used in construction for decades. Foamed concrete’s properties include low density, excellent thermal conductivity, great workability, and selfcompaction; these features enable foamed concrete to be utilized in various contexts. However, the excessive use of conventional materials in concrete production harms the environment. Therefore, using agro-waste as a material to construct ecologically sustainable structures has numerous practical and financial benefits. Palm oil clinker (POC) is a waste product resulting from solid waste combustion during palm oil extraction. This research focused on the properties of foamed concrete with POC at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% as the fine aggregate replacement to develop lightweight foamed concrete (LFC) with a density of 1300 kg/m3. Besides, the potential of POC powder (POCP) and thermally activated POCP (TPOCP) at 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% as cement replacements was examined. The development of compressive strength during a 90-day curing period was investigated. In addition, tensile and flexural strengths were assessed and reported, and the elastic modulus of the LFC was discussed. The transport properties of water absorption, porosity, and sorptivity were also investigated. The durability of concrete derivatives can exhibit the product’s resistance to chemical attacks and environmental conditions. After 75 days of immersion in hydrochloric acid and magnesium sulfate, the chemical resistivity of the produced LFC was determined by measuring the loss in weight and compressive strength. In addition, the effects of elevated temperatures on the LFC were determined by analyzing the mass loss and compressive strength degradation of specimens exposed to temperatures ranging from 200 to 800 °C. The test results demonstrated that the complete replacement of sand with POC enhanced the compressive strength of LFC by more than 50%. Similarly, POC-based LFC had higher flexural and tensile strengths than normal LFC. Besides, substituting 20% of cement with TPOCP could improve the strength of LFC by 23% during the initial curing days. Utilizing the optimal proportions of POC and POCP could enhance the residual strengths of LFC. Therefore, POC has the potential to be utilized as a fine aggregate and cementitious material to produce sustainable concrete.
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| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T16:10:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4a4a56a5caa84ada96713fb5dfa03c94 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1392-3730 1822-3605 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T16:10:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Vilnius Gediminas Technical University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Civil Engineering and Management |
| spelling | doaj.art-4a4a56a5caa84ada96713fb5dfa03c942023-10-24T15:21:38ZengVilnius Gediminas Technical UniversityJournal of Civil Engineering and Management1392-37301822-36052023-10-0129810.3846/jcem.2023.19785Performance evaluation of palm oil clinker as cement and sand replacement materials in foamed concreteFarhang Salari0U. Johnson Alengaram1Ahmed Mahmoud Alnahhal2Zainah Ibrahim3Karthick Srinivas M4Muhammad S. I. Ibrahim5Anand N6Centre for Innovative Construction Technology (CICT), Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaCentre for Innovative Construction Technology (CICT), Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaCentre for Innovative Construction Technology (CICT), Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaCentre for Innovative Construction Technology (CICT), Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaCentre for Innovative Construction Technology (CICT), Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaWater Engineering and Spatial Environmental Governance (WESERGE), Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Cellular lightweight concrete (CLC), also known as foamed concrete, has been extensively used in construction for decades. Foamed concrete’s properties include low density, excellent thermal conductivity, great workability, and selfcompaction; these features enable foamed concrete to be utilized in various contexts. However, the excessive use of conventional materials in concrete production harms the environment. Therefore, using agro-waste as a material to construct ecologically sustainable structures has numerous practical and financial benefits. Palm oil clinker (POC) is a waste product resulting from solid waste combustion during palm oil extraction. This research focused on the properties of foamed concrete with POC at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% as the fine aggregate replacement to develop lightweight foamed concrete (LFC) with a density of 1300 kg/m3. Besides, the potential of POC powder (POCP) and thermally activated POCP (TPOCP) at 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% as cement replacements was examined. The development of compressive strength during a 90-day curing period was investigated. In addition, tensile and flexural strengths were assessed and reported, and the elastic modulus of the LFC was discussed. The transport properties of water absorption, porosity, and sorptivity were also investigated. The durability of concrete derivatives can exhibit the product’s resistance to chemical attacks and environmental conditions. After 75 days of immersion in hydrochloric acid and magnesium sulfate, the chemical resistivity of the produced LFC was determined by measuring the loss in weight and compressive strength. In addition, the effects of elevated temperatures on the LFC were determined by analyzing the mass loss and compressive strength degradation of specimens exposed to temperatures ranging from 200 to 800 °C. The test results demonstrated that the complete replacement of sand with POC enhanced the compressive strength of LFC by more than 50%. Similarly, POC-based LFC had higher flexural and tensile strengths than normal LFC. Besides, substituting 20% of cement with TPOCP could improve the strength of LFC by 23% during the initial curing days. Utilizing the optimal proportions of POC and POCP could enhance the residual strengths of LFC. Therefore, POC has the potential to be utilized as a fine aggregate and cementitious material to produce sustainable concrete. https://journals.vilniustech.lt/index.php/JCEM/article/view/19785palm oil clinkersand replacement materialfoamed concretedurability performance |
| spellingShingle | Farhang Salari U. Johnson Alengaram Ahmed Mahmoud Alnahhal Zainah Ibrahim Karthick Srinivas M Muhammad S. I. Ibrahim Anand N Performance evaluation of palm oil clinker as cement and sand replacement materials in foamed concrete Journal of Civil Engineering and Management palm oil clinker sand replacement material foamed concrete durability performance |
| title | Performance evaluation of palm oil clinker as cement and sand replacement materials in foamed concrete |
| title_full | Performance evaluation of palm oil clinker as cement and sand replacement materials in foamed concrete |
| title_fullStr | Performance evaluation of palm oil clinker as cement and sand replacement materials in foamed concrete |
| title_full_unstemmed | Performance evaluation of palm oil clinker as cement and sand replacement materials in foamed concrete |
| title_short | Performance evaluation of palm oil clinker as cement and sand replacement materials in foamed concrete |
| title_sort | performance evaluation of palm oil clinker as cement and sand replacement materials in foamed concrete |
| topic | palm oil clinker sand replacement material foamed concrete durability performance |
| url | https://journals.vilniustech.lt/index.php/JCEM/article/view/19785 |
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