Comparative Study on the Influencing Factors of the Greenhouse Gas Budget in Typical Cities: Case Studies of Beijing and Shenzhen
Clarifying the pattern of the urban greenhouse gas (GHG) budget and its influencing factors is the basis of promoting urban low-carbon development. This paper takes Beijing and Shenzhen—the capital city and the most rapidly developing city in China, respectively—as case studies, comprehensively acco...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/7/1158 |
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| author | Kuo Liu Shishuai Yang Binbin Huang Chaofan Xian Baolong Han Tian Xie Chengji Shu Zhiwen Chen Haoqi Wang Haijun Wang Fei Lu |
| author_facet | Kuo Liu Shishuai Yang Binbin Huang Chaofan Xian Baolong Han Tian Xie Chengji Shu Zhiwen Chen Haoqi Wang Haijun Wang Fei Lu |
| author_sort | Kuo Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Clarifying the pattern of the urban greenhouse gas (GHG) budget and its influencing factors is the basis of promoting urban low-carbon development. This paper takes Beijing and Shenzhen—the capital city and the most rapidly developing city in China, respectively—as case studies, comprehensively accounts their GHG budgets from 2005 to 2020, and investigates and compares the factors affecting their GHG budgets. The total GHG emissions in Beijing were lowest in 2005 (160.3 TgCO<sub>2</sub> equivalents) and peaked at 227.7 TgCO<sub>2</sub> equivalents in 2019, and then decreased to 209.1 TgCO<sub>2</sub> equivalents in 2020. Meanwhile, the total GHG emissions in Shenzhen gradually increased from 36.0 TgCO<sub>2</sub> equivalents in 2005 to 121.4 TgCO<sub>2</sub> equivalents in 2019, and then decreased to 119.1 TgCO<sub>2</sub> equivalents in 2020. The energy activity sector was the greatest contributor to GHG emissions in this period, accounting for 82.5% and 76.0% of the total GHG emissions in Beijing and Shenzhen, respectively. The carbon sink of the ecosystems of these two cities could absorb only small parts of their emissions, and the neutralization rates of sinks ranged from 1.7% to 2.3% in Beijing and from 0.3% to 1.5% in Shenzhen. The enhancement of population, economic product, and consumption increased the greenhouse gas emissions in both cities. A 1% increase in population size, per capita GD (gross domestic product), and residential consumption level would increase total GHG emissions by 0.181%, 0.019%, and 0.030% in Beijing, respectively. The corresponding increases in Shenzhen would be 0.180%, 0.243%, and 0.172%, respectively. The household size had opposite effects on the two cities, i.e., a 1% increase in household size would increase GHG emissions by 0.487% in Shenzhen but reduce them by 2.083% in Beijing. Each 1% increase in secondary industry and energy intensity would reduce GHG emissions by 0.553% and 0.110% in Shenzhen, respectively, which are more significant reductions than those in Beijing. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:18:29Z |
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| id | doaj.art-4a4b9ff56cbc4d24aef6877524fa3be1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:18:29Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-4a4b9ff56cbc4d24aef6877524fa3be12023-11-18T18:16:19ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332023-07-01147115810.3390/atmos14071158Comparative Study on the Influencing Factors of the Greenhouse Gas Budget in Typical Cities: Case Studies of Beijing and ShenzhenKuo Liu0Shishuai Yang1Binbin Huang2Chaofan Xian3Baolong Han4Tian Xie5Chengji Shu6Zhiwen Chen7Haoqi Wang8Haijun Wang9Fei Lu10School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, ChinaInstitute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, ChinaClarifying the pattern of the urban greenhouse gas (GHG) budget and its influencing factors is the basis of promoting urban low-carbon development. This paper takes Beijing and Shenzhen—the capital city and the most rapidly developing city in China, respectively—as case studies, comprehensively accounts their GHG budgets from 2005 to 2020, and investigates and compares the factors affecting their GHG budgets. The total GHG emissions in Beijing were lowest in 2005 (160.3 TgCO<sub>2</sub> equivalents) and peaked at 227.7 TgCO<sub>2</sub> equivalents in 2019, and then decreased to 209.1 TgCO<sub>2</sub> equivalents in 2020. Meanwhile, the total GHG emissions in Shenzhen gradually increased from 36.0 TgCO<sub>2</sub> equivalents in 2005 to 121.4 TgCO<sub>2</sub> equivalents in 2019, and then decreased to 119.1 TgCO<sub>2</sub> equivalents in 2020. The energy activity sector was the greatest contributor to GHG emissions in this period, accounting for 82.5% and 76.0% of the total GHG emissions in Beijing and Shenzhen, respectively. The carbon sink of the ecosystems of these two cities could absorb only small parts of their emissions, and the neutralization rates of sinks ranged from 1.7% to 2.3% in Beijing and from 0.3% to 1.5% in Shenzhen. The enhancement of population, economic product, and consumption increased the greenhouse gas emissions in both cities. A 1% increase in population size, per capita GD (gross domestic product), and residential consumption level would increase total GHG emissions by 0.181%, 0.019%, and 0.030% in Beijing, respectively. The corresponding increases in Shenzhen would be 0.180%, 0.243%, and 0.172%, respectively. The household size had opposite effects on the two cities, i.e., a 1% increase in household size would increase GHG emissions by 0.487% in Shenzhen but reduce them by 2.083% in Beijing. Each 1% increase in secondary industry and energy intensity would reduce GHG emissions by 0.553% and 0.110% in Shenzhen, respectively, which are more significant reductions than those in Beijing.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/7/1158BeijingShenzhengreenhouse gas emissionscarbon sinksinfluencing factors |
| spellingShingle | Kuo Liu Shishuai Yang Binbin Huang Chaofan Xian Baolong Han Tian Xie Chengji Shu Zhiwen Chen Haoqi Wang Haijun Wang Fei Lu Comparative Study on the Influencing Factors of the Greenhouse Gas Budget in Typical Cities: Case Studies of Beijing and Shenzhen Atmosphere Beijing Shenzhen greenhouse gas emissions carbon sinks influencing factors |
| title | Comparative Study on the Influencing Factors of the Greenhouse Gas Budget in Typical Cities: Case Studies of Beijing and Shenzhen |
| title_full | Comparative Study on the Influencing Factors of the Greenhouse Gas Budget in Typical Cities: Case Studies of Beijing and Shenzhen |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Study on the Influencing Factors of the Greenhouse Gas Budget in Typical Cities: Case Studies of Beijing and Shenzhen |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Study on the Influencing Factors of the Greenhouse Gas Budget in Typical Cities: Case Studies of Beijing and Shenzhen |
| title_short | Comparative Study on the Influencing Factors of the Greenhouse Gas Budget in Typical Cities: Case Studies of Beijing and Shenzhen |
| title_sort | comparative study on the influencing factors of the greenhouse gas budget in typical cities case studies of beijing and shenzhen |
| topic | Beijing Shenzhen greenhouse gas emissions carbon sinks influencing factors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/7/1158 |
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