Too Much of a Good Thing: Rethinking Feed Formulation and Feeding Practices for Zinc in Swine Diets to Achieve One Health and Environmental Sustainability
The objectives of this review were to summarize current knowledge of Zn in swine nutrition, environmental concerns, potential contribution to antimicrobial resistance, and explore the use of alternative feeding strategies to reduce Zn excretion in manure while capturing improvements in productivity....
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-11-01
|
| Series: | Animals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/23/3374 |
| _version_ | 1827643495778615296 |
|---|---|
| author | Gerald C. Shurson Pedro E. Urriola Yuan-Tai Hung |
| author_facet | Gerald C. Shurson Pedro E. Urriola Yuan-Tai Hung |
| author_sort | Gerald C. Shurson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The objectives of this review were to summarize current knowledge of Zn in swine nutrition, environmental concerns, potential contribution to antimicrobial resistance, and explore the use of alternative feeding strategies to reduce Zn excretion in manure while capturing improvements in productivity. Zinc is a required nutrient for pigs but is commonly supplemented at concentrations that greatly exceed estimated requirements. Feeding pharmacological concentrations of Zn from ZnO to pigs for 1 to 2 weeks post-weaning reduces post-weaning diarrhea and improves growth performance. Feeding elevated dietary levels of Zn to sows during the last 30 days of gestation can reduce the incidence of low-birth-weight pigs and pre-weaning mortality. Most of the dietary Zn consumed by pigs is not retained in the body and is subsequently excreted in manure, which led several countries to impose regulations restricting dietary Zn concentrations to reduce environmental impacts. Although restricting Zn supplementation in swine diets is a reasonable approach for reducing environmental pollution, it does not allow capturing health and productivity benefits from strategic use of elevated dietary Zn concentrations. Therefore, we propose feeding strategies that allow strategic use of high dietary concentrations of Zn while also reducing Zn excretion in manure compared with current feeding practices. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:55:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4a5705cb716e4530a38f14658208e9fd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:55:08Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-4a5705cb716e4530a38f14658208e9fd2023-11-24T10:26:04ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-11-011223337410.3390/ani12233374Too Much of a Good Thing: Rethinking Feed Formulation and Feeding Practices for Zinc in Swine Diets to Achieve One Health and Environmental SustainabilityGerald C. Shurson0Pedro E. Urriola1Yuan-Tai Hung2Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USADepartment of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USADevenish Nutrition, Fairmont, MN 56031, USAThe objectives of this review were to summarize current knowledge of Zn in swine nutrition, environmental concerns, potential contribution to antimicrobial resistance, and explore the use of alternative feeding strategies to reduce Zn excretion in manure while capturing improvements in productivity. Zinc is a required nutrient for pigs but is commonly supplemented at concentrations that greatly exceed estimated requirements. Feeding pharmacological concentrations of Zn from ZnO to pigs for 1 to 2 weeks post-weaning reduces post-weaning diarrhea and improves growth performance. Feeding elevated dietary levels of Zn to sows during the last 30 days of gestation can reduce the incidence of low-birth-weight pigs and pre-weaning mortality. Most of the dietary Zn consumed by pigs is not retained in the body and is subsequently excreted in manure, which led several countries to impose regulations restricting dietary Zn concentrations to reduce environmental impacts. Although restricting Zn supplementation in swine diets is a reasonable approach for reducing environmental pollution, it does not allow capturing health and productivity benefits from strategic use of elevated dietary Zn concentrations. Therefore, we propose feeding strategies that allow strategic use of high dietary concentrations of Zn while also reducing Zn excretion in manure compared with current feeding practices.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/23/3374antimicrobial resistancebioavailabilitybiomarkersenvironmental impactsfeeding practicesgrowth promotion |
| spellingShingle | Gerald C. Shurson Pedro E. Urriola Yuan-Tai Hung Too Much of a Good Thing: Rethinking Feed Formulation and Feeding Practices for Zinc in Swine Diets to Achieve One Health and Environmental Sustainability Animals antimicrobial resistance bioavailability biomarkers environmental impacts feeding practices growth promotion |
| title | Too Much of a Good Thing: Rethinking Feed Formulation and Feeding Practices for Zinc in Swine Diets to Achieve One Health and Environmental Sustainability |
| title_full | Too Much of a Good Thing: Rethinking Feed Formulation and Feeding Practices for Zinc in Swine Diets to Achieve One Health and Environmental Sustainability |
| title_fullStr | Too Much of a Good Thing: Rethinking Feed Formulation and Feeding Practices for Zinc in Swine Diets to Achieve One Health and Environmental Sustainability |
| title_full_unstemmed | Too Much of a Good Thing: Rethinking Feed Formulation and Feeding Practices for Zinc in Swine Diets to Achieve One Health and Environmental Sustainability |
| title_short | Too Much of a Good Thing: Rethinking Feed Formulation and Feeding Practices for Zinc in Swine Diets to Achieve One Health and Environmental Sustainability |
| title_sort | too much of a good thing rethinking feed formulation and feeding practices for zinc in swine diets to achieve one health and environmental sustainability |
| topic | antimicrobial resistance bioavailability biomarkers environmental impacts feeding practices growth promotion |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/23/3374 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT geraldcshurson toomuchofagoodthingrethinkingfeedformulationandfeedingpracticesforzincinswinedietstoachieveonehealthandenvironmentalsustainability AT pedroeurriola toomuchofagoodthingrethinkingfeedformulationandfeedingpracticesforzincinswinedietstoachieveonehealthandenvironmentalsustainability AT yuantaihung toomuchofagoodthingrethinkingfeedformulationandfeedingpracticesforzincinswinedietstoachieveonehealthandenvironmentalsustainability |