Time Delay Study of Ultrasonic Gas Flowmeters Based on VMD–Hilbert Spectrum and Cross-Correlation
The accuracy of ultrasonic flowmeter time delay measurement is directly affected by the processing method of the ultrasonic echo signal. This paper proposes a method for estimating the time delay of the ultrasonic gas flowmeter based on the Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD)–Hilbert Spectrum and C...
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/5/1462 |
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| author | Lingcai Kong Liang Zhang Hulin Guo Ning Zhao Xinhu Xu |
| author_facet | Lingcai Kong Liang Zhang Hulin Guo Ning Zhao Xinhu Xu |
| author_sort | Lingcai Kong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The accuracy of ultrasonic flowmeter time delay measurement is directly affected by the processing method of the ultrasonic echo signal. This paper proposes a method for estimating the time delay of the ultrasonic gas flowmeter based on the Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD)–Hilbert Spectrum and Cross-Correlation (CC). The method improves the accuracy of the ultrasonic gas flowmeter by enhancing the quality of the echo signal. To denoise forward and reverse ultrasonic echo signals collected at various wind speeds, a Butterworth filter is initially used. The ultrasonic echo signals are then analyzed by Empirical Mode De-composition (EMD) and VMD analysis to obtain the Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF) containing distinct center frequencies, respectively. The Hilbert spectrum time–frequency diagram is used to evaluate the results of the VMD and EMD decompositions. It is found that the IMF decomposed by VMD has a better filtering performance and better anti-interference performance. Therefore, the IMF with a better effect is selected for signal reconstruction. The ultrasonic time delay is then calculated using the Cross-Correlation algorithm. The self-developed ultrasonic gas flowmeter was tested on the experimental platform of the gas flow standard devices using this signal processing method. The results show a maximum indication error of 0.84% within the flow range of 60–606 m<sup>3</sup>/h, with a repeatability of no more than 0.29%. These results meet the 1-level accuracy requirements as outlined in the national ultrasonic flowmeters calibration regulation JJG1030-2007. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:19:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4a61a17cdc2941298ffb2f6ac09e162c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:19:54Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-4a61a17cdc2941298ffb2f6ac09e162c2024-03-12T16:54:51ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202024-02-01245146210.3390/s24051462Time Delay Study of Ultrasonic Gas Flowmeters Based on VMD–Hilbert Spectrum and Cross-CorrelationLingcai Kong0Liang Zhang1Hulin Guo2Ning Zhao3Xinhu Xu4Thermometry Devision, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, ChinaThermometry Devision, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, ChinaZhengzhou Institute of Metrology, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, ChinaSchool of Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, ChinaThe accuracy of ultrasonic flowmeter time delay measurement is directly affected by the processing method of the ultrasonic echo signal. This paper proposes a method for estimating the time delay of the ultrasonic gas flowmeter based on the Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD)–Hilbert Spectrum and Cross-Correlation (CC). The method improves the accuracy of the ultrasonic gas flowmeter by enhancing the quality of the echo signal. To denoise forward and reverse ultrasonic echo signals collected at various wind speeds, a Butterworth filter is initially used. The ultrasonic echo signals are then analyzed by Empirical Mode De-composition (EMD) and VMD analysis to obtain the Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF) containing distinct center frequencies, respectively. The Hilbert spectrum time–frequency diagram is used to evaluate the results of the VMD and EMD decompositions. It is found that the IMF decomposed by VMD has a better filtering performance and better anti-interference performance. Therefore, the IMF with a better effect is selected for signal reconstruction. The ultrasonic time delay is then calculated using the Cross-Correlation algorithm. The self-developed ultrasonic gas flowmeter was tested on the experimental platform of the gas flow standard devices using this signal processing method. The results show a maximum indication error of 0.84% within the flow range of 60–606 m<sup>3</sup>/h, with a repeatability of no more than 0.29%. These results meet the 1-level accuracy requirements as outlined in the national ultrasonic flowmeters calibration regulation JJG1030-2007.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/5/1462ultrasonic gas flowmeterVMDsignal processingtime delayHilbert transform |
| spellingShingle | Lingcai Kong Liang Zhang Hulin Guo Ning Zhao Xinhu Xu Time Delay Study of Ultrasonic Gas Flowmeters Based on VMD–Hilbert Spectrum and Cross-Correlation Sensors ultrasonic gas flowmeter VMD signal processing time delay Hilbert transform |
| title | Time Delay Study of Ultrasonic Gas Flowmeters Based on VMD–Hilbert Spectrum and Cross-Correlation |
| title_full | Time Delay Study of Ultrasonic Gas Flowmeters Based on VMD–Hilbert Spectrum and Cross-Correlation |
| title_fullStr | Time Delay Study of Ultrasonic Gas Flowmeters Based on VMD–Hilbert Spectrum and Cross-Correlation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Time Delay Study of Ultrasonic Gas Flowmeters Based on VMD–Hilbert Spectrum and Cross-Correlation |
| title_short | Time Delay Study of Ultrasonic Gas Flowmeters Based on VMD–Hilbert Spectrum and Cross-Correlation |
| title_sort | time delay study of ultrasonic gas flowmeters based on vmd hilbert spectrum and cross correlation |
| topic | ultrasonic gas flowmeter VMD signal processing time delay Hilbert transform |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/5/1462 |
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