Social Visual Perception Under the Eye of Bayesian Theories in Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Advanced Modeling of Spatial and Temporal Parameters
Social interaction in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by qualitative impairments that highly impact quality of life. Bayesian theories in ASD frame an understanding of underlying mechanisms suggesting atypicalities in the evaluation of probabilistic links within the...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.585149/full |
| _version_ | 1819005508836655104 |
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| author | Chara Ioannou Divya Seernani Maria Elena Stefanou Maria Elena Stefanou Monica Biscaldi-Schaefer Ludger Tebartz Van Elst Christian Fleischhaker Giuseppe Boccignone Christoph Klein Christoph Klein Christoph Klein |
| author_facet | Chara Ioannou Divya Seernani Maria Elena Stefanou Maria Elena Stefanou Monica Biscaldi-Schaefer Ludger Tebartz Van Elst Christian Fleischhaker Giuseppe Boccignone Christoph Klein Christoph Klein Christoph Klein |
| author_sort | Chara Ioannou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Social interaction in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by qualitative impairments that highly impact quality of life. Bayesian theories in ASD frame an understanding of underlying mechanisms suggesting atypicalities in the evaluation of probabilistic links within the perceptual environment of the affected individual. To address these theories, the present study explores the applicability of an innovative Bayesian framework on social visual perception in ASD and demonstrates the use of gaze transitions between different parts of social scenes. We applied advanced analyses with Bayesian Hidden Markov Modeling (BHMM) to track gaze movements while presenting real-life scenes to typically developing (TD) children and adolescents (N = 25) and participants with ASD and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ASD+ADHD, N = 15) and ASD without comorbidity (ASD, N = 12). Regions of interest (ROIs) were generated by BHMM based both on spatial and temporal gaze behavior. Social visual perception was compared between groups using transition and fixation variables for social (faces, bodies) and non-social ROIs. Transition variables between faces, namely gaze transitions between faces and likelihood of linking faces, were reduced in the ASD+ADHD compared to TD participants. Fixation count to faces was also reduced in this group. The ASD group showed similar performance to TD in the studied variables. There was no difference between groups for non-social ROIs. Our study provides an innovative, interpretable example of applying Bayesian theories of social visual perception in ASD. BHMM analyses and gaze transitions have the potential to reveal fundamental social perception components in ASD, contributing thus to amelioration of social-skill interventions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T23:53:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4a64e9d2f5094c348cd22f0cfa230a9b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-0640 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T23:53:55Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-4a64e9d2f5094c348cd22f0cfa230a9b2022-12-21T19:22:45ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402020-09-011110.3389/fpsyt.2020.585149585149Social Visual Perception Under the Eye of Bayesian Theories in Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Advanced Modeling of Spatial and Temporal ParametersChara Ioannou0Divya Seernani1Maria Elena Stefanou2Maria Elena Stefanou3Monica Biscaldi-Schaefer4Ludger Tebartz Van Elst5Christian Fleischhaker6Giuseppe Boccignone7Christoph Klein8Christoph Klein9Christoph Klein10Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanySchool of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United KingdomDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Computer Science, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Child and Adoelscent Psychiatry, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, GermanyDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GreeceSocial interaction in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by qualitative impairments that highly impact quality of life. Bayesian theories in ASD frame an understanding of underlying mechanisms suggesting atypicalities in the evaluation of probabilistic links within the perceptual environment of the affected individual. To address these theories, the present study explores the applicability of an innovative Bayesian framework on social visual perception in ASD and demonstrates the use of gaze transitions between different parts of social scenes. We applied advanced analyses with Bayesian Hidden Markov Modeling (BHMM) to track gaze movements while presenting real-life scenes to typically developing (TD) children and adolescents (N = 25) and participants with ASD and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ASD+ADHD, N = 15) and ASD without comorbidity (ASD, N = 12). Regions of interest (ROIs) were generated by BHMM based both on spatial and temporal gaze behavior. Social visual perception was compared between groups using transition and fixation variables for social (faces, bodies) and non-social ROIs. Transition variables between faces, namely gaze transitions between faces and likelihood of linking faces, were reduced in the ASD+ADHD compared to TD participants. Fixation count to faces was also reduced in this group. The ASD group showed similar performance to TD in the studied variables. There was no difference between groups for non-social ROIs. Our study provides an innovative, interpretable example of applying Bayesian theories of social visual perception in ASD. BHMM analyses and gaze transitions have the potential to reveal fundamental social perception components in ASD, contributing thus to amelioration of social-skill interventions.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.585149/fullBayesian theoriessocial perceptioneye movements (EM)hidden Markov models (HMM)advanced analysisautism spectrum disorder (ASD) |
| spellingShingle | Chara Ioannou Divya Seernani Maria Elena Stefanou Maria Elena Stefanou Monica Biscaldi-Schaefer Ludger Tebartz Van Elst Christian Fleischhaker Giuseppe Boccignone Christoph Klein Christoph Klein Christoph Klein Social Visual Perception Under the Eye of Bayesian Theories in Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Advanced Modeling of Spatial and Temporal Parameters Frontiers in Psychiatry Bayesian theories social perception eye movements (EM) hidden Markov models (HMM) advanced analysis autism spectrum disorder (ASD) |
| title | Social Visual Perception Under the Eye of Bayesian Theories in Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Advanced Modeling of Spatial and Temporal Parameters |
| title_full | Social Visual Perception Under the Eye of Bayesian Theories in Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Advanced Modeling of Spatial and Temporal Parameters |
| title_fullStr | Social Visual Perception Under the Eye of Bayesian Theories in Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Advanced Modeling of Spatial and Temporal Parameters |
| title_full_unstemmed | Social Visual Perception Under the Eye of Bayesian Theories in Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Advanced Modeling of Spatial and Temporal Parameters |
| title_short | Social Visual Perception Under the Eye of Bayesian Theories in Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Advanced Modeling of Spatial and Temporal Parameters |
| title_sort | social visual perception under the eye of bayesian theories in autism spectrum disorder using advanced modeling of spatial and temporal parameters |
| topic | Bayesian theories social perception eye movements (EM) hidden Markov models (HMM) advanced analysis autism spectrum disorder (ASD) |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.585149/full |
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