Production and Isolation of Azaspiracid-1 and -2 from <em>Azadinium spinosum</em> Culture in Pilot Scale Photobioreactors
Azaspiracid (AZA) poisoning has been reported following consumption of contaminated shellfish, and is of human health concern. Hence, it is important to have sustainable amounts of the causative toxins available for toxicological studies and for instrument calibration in monitoring programs, without...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2012-06-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/10/6/1360 |
| _version_ | 1798042589739352064 |
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| author | Philipp Hess Sarah Taylor Christopher O. Miles Urban Tillmann Cíara Nulty Jean Baptiste Bérard Fabienne Hervé Véronique Séchet Philippe Truquet Christine Herrenknecht Thierry Jauffrais Jane Kilcoyne |
| author_facet | Philipp Hess Sarah Taylor Christopher O. Miles Urban Tillmann Cíara Nulty Jean Baptiste Bérard Fabienne Hervé Véronique Séchet Philippe Truquet Christine Herrenknecht Thierry Jauffrais Jane Kilcoyne |
| author_sort | Philipp Hess |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Azaspiracid (AZA) poisoning has been reported following consumption of contaminated shellfish, and is of human health concern. Hence, it is important to have sustainable amounts of the causative toxins available for toxicological studies and for instrument calibration in monitoring programs, without having to rely on natural toxin events. Continuous pilot scale culturing was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of AZA production using <em>Azadinium spinosum </em>cultures. Algae were harvested using tangential flow filtration or continuous centrifugation. AZAs were extracted using solid phase extraction (SPE) procedures, and subsequently purified. When coupling two stirred photobioreactors in series, cell concentrations reached 190,000 and 210,000 cell·mL<sup>−1</sup> at steady state in bioreactors 1 and 2, respectively. The AZA cell quota decreased as the dilution rate increased from 0.15 to 0.3 day<sup>−1</sup>, with optimum toxin production at 0.25 day<sup>−1</sup>. After optimization, SPE procedures allowed for the recovery of 79 ± 9% of AZAs. The preparative isolation procedure previously developed for shellfish was optimized for algal extracts, such that only four steps were necessary to obtain purified AZA1 and -2. A purification efficiency of more than 70% was achieved, and isolation from 1200 L of culture yielded 9.3 mg of AZA1 and 2.2 mg of AZA2 of >95% purity. This work demonstrated the feasibility of sustainably producing AZA1 and -2 from <em>A. spinosum</em> cultures. |
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| id | doaj.art-4a6618637cae4b40b846e61237a4b971 |
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| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:37:39Z |
| publishDate | 2012-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj.art-4a6618637cae4b40b846e61237a4b9712022-12-22T03:59:10ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972012-06-011061360138210.3390/md10061360Production and Isolation of Azaspiracid-1 and -2 from <em>Azadinium spinosum</em> Culture in Pilot Scale PhotobioreactorsPhilipp HessSarah TaylorChristopher O. MilesUrban TillmannCíara NultyJean Baptiste BérardFabienne HervéVéronique SéchetPhilippe TruquetChristine HerrenknechtThierry JauffraisJane KilcoyneAzaspiracid (AZA) poisoning has been reported following consumption of contaminated shellfish, and is of human health concern. Hence, it is important to have sustainable amounts of the causative toxins available for toxicological studies and for instrument calibration in monitoring programs, without having to rely on natural toxin events. Continuous pilot scale culturing was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of AZA production using <em>Azadinium spinosum </em>cultures. Algae were harvested using tangential flow filtration or continuous centrifugation. AZAs were extracted using solid phase extraction (SPE) procedures, and subsequently purified. When coupling two stirred photobioreactors in series, cell concentrations reached 190,000 and 210,000 cell·mL<sup>−1</sup> at steady state in bioreactors 1 and 2, respectively. The AZA cell quota decreased as the dilution rate increased from 0.15 to 0.3 day<sup>−1</sup>, with optimum toxin production at 0.25 day<sup>−1</sup>. After optimization, SPE procedures allowed for the recovery of 79 ± 9% of AZAs. The preparative isolation procedure previously developed for shellfish was optimized for algal extracts, such that only four steps were necessary to obtain purified AZA1 and -2. A purification efficiency of more than 70% was achieved, and isolation from 1200 L of culture yielded 9.3 mg of AZA1 and 2.2 mg of AZA2 of >95% purity. This work demonstrated the feasibility of sustainably producing AZA1 and -2 from <em>A. spinosum</em> cultures.http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/10/6/1360solid phase extractionphotobioreactorchemostatdinoflagellatemicro-algaeLC-MS/MStangential flow filtrationazaspiracidHP-20 |
| spellingShingle | Philipp Hess Sarah Taylor Christopher O. Miles Urban Tillmann Cíara Nulty Jean Baptiste Bérard Fabienne Hervé Véronique Séchet Philippe Truquet Christine Herrenknecht Thierry Jauffrais Jane Kilcoyne Production and Isolation of Azaspiracid-1 and -2 from <em>Azadinium spinosum</em> Culture in Pilot Scale Photobioreactors Marine Drugs solid phase extraction photobioreactor chemostat dinoflagellate micro-algae LC-MS/MS tangential flow filtration azaspiracid HP-20 |
| title | Production and Isolation of Azaspiracid-1 and -2 from <em>Azadinium spinosum</em> Culture in Pilot Scale Photobioreactors |
| title_full | Production and Isolation of Azaspiracid-1 and -2 from <em>Azadinium spinosum</em> Culture in Pilot Scale Photobioreactors |
| title_fullStr | Production and Isolation of Azaspiracid-1 and -2 from <em>Azadinium spinosum</em> Culture in Pilot Scale Photobioreactors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Production and Isolation of Azaspiracid-1 and -2 from <em>Azadinium spinosum</em> Culture in Pilot Scale Photobioreactors |
| title_short | Production and Isolation of Azaspiracid-1 and -2 from <em>Azadinium spinosum</em> Culture in Pilot Scale Photobioreactors |
| title_sort | production and isolation of azaspiracid 1 and 2 from lt em gt azadinium spinosum lt em gt culture in pilot scale photobioreactors |
| topic | solid phase extraction photobioreactor chemostat dinoflagellate micro-algae LC-MS/MS tangential flow filtration azaspiracid HP-20 |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/10/6/1360 |
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