Phylogenomic and Structural Analysis of the Monkeypox Virus Shows Evolution towards Increased Stability
Monkeypox is an infectious zoonotic disease caused by an Orthopoxvirus and results in symptoms similar to smallpox. In a recent outbreak, monkeypox virus (MPXV) cases have been reported globally since May 2022, and the numbers are increasing. Monkeypox was first diagnosed in humans in the Democratic...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/1/127 |
| _version_ | 1797436469380382720 |
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| author | Priya Yadav Yashas Devasurmutt Utpal Tatu |
| author_facet | Priya Yadav Yashas Devasurmutt Utpal Tatu |
| author_sort | Priya Yadav |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Monkeypox is an infectious zoonotic disease caused by an Orthopoxvirus and results in symptoms similar to smallpox. In a recent outbreak, monkeypox virus (MPXV) cases have been reported globally since May 2022, and the numbers are increasing. Monkeypox was first diagnosed in humans in the Democratic Republic of Congo and has now spread to throughout Europe, the USA, and Africa. In this study, we analyzed the whole genome sequences of MPXV sequences from recent outbreaks in various countries and performed phylogenomic analysis. Our analysis of the available human MPXV strains showed the highest mutations per sample in 2022 with the average number of mutations per sample being the highest in South America and the European continents in 2022. We analyzed specific mutations in 11 Indian MPXV strains occurring in the variable end regions of the MPXV genome, where the mutation number was as high as 10 mutations per gene. Among these, envelope glycoproteins, the B2R protein, the Ankyrin repeat protein, DNA polymerase, and the INF alpha receptor-like secreted glycoprotein were seen to have a relatively high number of mutations. We discussed the stabilizing effects of the mutations in some of the highly mutating proteins. Our results showed that the proteins involved in binding to the host receptors were mutating at a faster rate, which empowered the virus for active selection towards increased disease transmissibility and severity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:02:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4a6797d357634595bffed638e9c0dbca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:02:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-4a6797d357634595bffed638e9c0dbca2023-12-01T01:10:42ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152022-12-0115112710.3390/v15010127Phylogenomic and Structural Analysis of the Monkeypox Virus Shows Evolution towards Increased StabilityPriya Yadav0Yashas Devasurmutt1Utpal Tatu2Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, IndiaDepartment of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, IndiaDepartment of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, IndiaMonkeypox is an infectious zoonotic disease caused by an Orthopoxvirus and results in symptoms similar to smallpox. In a recent outbreak, monkeypox virus (MPXV) cases have been reported globally since May 2022, and the numbers are increasing. Monkeypox was first diagnosed in humans in the Democratic Republic of Congo and has now spread to throughout Europe, the USA, and Africa. In this study, we analyzed the whole genome sequences of MPXV sequences from recent outbreaks in various countries and performed phylogenomic analysis. Our analysis of the available human MPXV strains showed the highest mutations per sample in 2022 with the average number of mutations per sample being the highest in South America and the European continents in 2022. We analyzed specific mutations in 11 Indian MPXV strains occurring in the variable end regions of the MPXV genome, where the mutation number was as high as 10 mutations per gene. Among these, envelope glycoproteins, the B2R protein, the Ankyrin repeat protein, DNA polymerase, and the INF alpha receptor-like secreted glycoprotein were seen to have a relatively high number of mutations. We discussed the stabilizing effects of the mutations in some of the highly mutating proteins. Our results showed that the proteins involved in binding to the host receptors were mutating at a faster rate, which empowered the virus for active selection towards increased disease transmissibility and severity.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/1/127monkeypox virusmutation ratephylogenomicshigh mutationprotein structure |
| spellingShingle | Priya Yadav Yashas Devasurmutt Utpal Tatu Phylogenomic and Structural Analysis of the Monkeypox Virus Shows Evolution towards Increased Stability Viruses monkeypox virus mutation rate phylogenomics high mutation protein structure |
| title | Phylogenomic and Structural Analysis of the Monkeypox Virus Shows Evolution towards Increased Stability |
| title_full | Phylogenomic and Structural Analysis of the Monkeypox Virus Shows Evolution towards Increased Stability |
| title_fullStr | Phylogenomic and Structural Analysis of the Monkeypox Virus Shows Evolution towards Increased Stability |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phylogenomic and Structural Analysis of the Monkeypox Virus Shows Evolution towards Increased Stability |
| title_short | Phylogenomic and Structural Analysis of the Monkeypox Virus Shows Evolution towards Increased Stability |
| title_sort | phylogenomic and structural analysis of the monkeypox virus shows evolution towards increased stability |
| topic | monkeypox virus mutation rate phylogenomics high mutation protein structure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/1/127 |
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