In utero fuel homeostasis: Lessons for a clinician
Fetus exists in a complex, dynamic, and yet intriguing symbiosis with its mother as far as fuel metabolism is concerned. Though the dependence on maternal fuel is nearly complete to cater for its high requirement, the fetus is capable of some metabolism of its own. The first half of gestation is a p...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2013-01-01
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| Series: | Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.ijem.in/article.asp?issn=2230-8210;year=2013;volume=17;issue=1;spage=60;epage=68;aulast=Rao |
| _version_ | 1819144334103019520 |
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| author | P. N Suman Rao A Shashidhar C Ashok |
| author_facet | P. N Suman Rao A Shashidhar C Ashok |
| author_sort | P. N Suman Rao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fetus exists in a complex, dynamic, and yet intriguing symbiosis with its mother as far as fuel metabolism is concerned. Though the dependence on maternal fuel is nearly complete to cater for its high requirement, the fetus is capable of some metabolism of its own. The first half of gestation is a period of maternal anabolism and storage whereas the second half results in exponential fetal growth where maternal stores are mobilized. Glucose is the primary substrate for energy production in the fetus though capable of utilizing alternate sources like lactate, ketoacids, amino acids, fatty acids, and glycogen as fuel under special circumstances. Key transporters like glucose transporters (GLUT) are responsible for preferential transfers, which are in turn regulated by complex interaction of maternal and fetal hormones. Amino acids are preferentially utilized for growth and essential fatty acids for development of brain and retina. Insulin, insulin like growth factors, glucagon, catecholamines, and letpin are the hormones implicated in this fascinating process. Hormonal regulation of metabolic substrate utilization and anabolism in the fetus is secondary to the supply of nutrient substrates. The knowledge of fuel homeostasis is crucial for a clinician caring for pregnant women and neonates to manage disorders of metabolism (diabetes), growth (intrauterine growth restriction), and transitional adaptation (hypoglycemia). |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T12:40:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4a6a8772c93941b1b4bb1fdf4e45fcf3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2230-8210 2230-9500 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T12:40:29Z |
| publishDate | 2013-01-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism |
| spelling | doaj.art-4a6a8772c93941b1b4bb1fdf4e45fcf32022-12-21T18:25:27ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsIndian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism2230-82102230-95002013-01-01171606810.4103/2230-8210.107851In utero fuel homeostasis: Lessons for a clinicianP. N Suman RaoA ShashidharC AshokFetus exists in a complex, dynamic, and yet intriguing symbiosis with its mother as far as fuel metabolism is concerned. Though the dependence on maternal fuel is nearly complete to cater for its high requirement, the fetus is capable of some metabolism of its own. The first half of gestation is a period of maternal anabolism and storage whereas the second half results in exponential fetal growth where maternal stores are mobilized. Glucose is the primary substrate for energy production in the fetus though capable of utilizing alternate sources like lactate, ketoacids, amino acids, fatty acids, and glycogen as fuel under special circumstances. Key transporters like glucose transporters (GLUT) are responsible for preferential transfers, which are in turn regulated by complex interaction of maternal and fetal hormones. Amino acids are preferentially utilized for growth and essential fatty acids for development of brain and retina. Insulin, insulin like growth factors, glucagon, catecholamines, and letpin are the hormones implicated in this fascinating process. Hormonal regulation of metabolic substrate utilization and anabolism in the fetus is secondary to the supply of nutrient substrates. The knowledge of fuel homeostasis is crucial for a clinician caring for pregnant women and neonates to manage disorders of metabolism (diabetes), growth (intrauterine growth restriction), and transitional adaptation (hypoglycemia).http://www.ijem.in/article.asp?issn=2230-8210;year=2013;volume=17;issue=1;spage=60;epage=68;aulast=RaoFetusfuelglucosemetabolism |
| spellingShingle | P. N Suman Rao A Shashidhar C Ashok In utero fuel homeostasis: Lessons for a clinician Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism Fetus fuel glucose metabolism |
| title | In utero fuel homeostasis: Lessons for a clinician |
| title_full | In utero fuel homeostasis: Lessons for a clinician |
| title_fullStr | In utero fuel homeostasis: Lessons for a clinician |
| title_full_unstemmed | In utero fuel homeostasis: Lessons for a clinician |
| title_short | In utero fuel homeostasis: Lessons for a clinician |
| title_sort | in utero fuel homeostasis lessons for a clinician |
| topic | Fetus fuel glucose metabolism |
| url | http://www.ijem.in/article.asp?issn=2230-8210;year=2013;volume=17;issue=1;spage=60;epage=68;aulast=Rao |
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