Age and Overweight Are Not Contraindications for a Breast Reconstruction with a TMG-Flap—A Risk and Complication Analysis of a Retrospective Double Center Study Including 300 Patients
Introduction: The transverse myocutaneous gracilis (TMG) flap has become a popular and reliable alternative for autologous breast reconstruction. Initially described as a valuable tissue source for women with low body-mass index, indications nowadays have widely expanded. The Western civilization de...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/5/926 |
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| author | Karl Schwaiger Laurenz Weitgasser Maximilian Mahrhofer Kathrin Bachleitner Selim Abed Julia Wimbauer Elisabeth Russe Thomas Schoeller Gottfried Wechselberger |
| author_facet | Karl Schwaiger Laurenz Weitgasser Maximilian Mahrhofer Kathrin Bachleitner Selim Abed Julia Wimbauer Elisabeth Russe Thomas Schoeller Gottfried Wechselberger |
| author_sort | Karl Schwaiger |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: The transverse myocutaneous gracilis (TMG) flap has become a popular and reliable alternative for autologous breast reconstruction. Initially described as a valuable tissue source for women with low body-mass index, indications nowadays have widely expanded. The Western civilization demographic development with its aging population and the steady growing average BMI has led to increasing breast reconstructions with TMG flaps in overweight and aged individuals. Patients and Methods: A total of 300 TMG free flaps for unilateral autologous breast reconstruction were evaluated in the form of a retrospective double center cohort study. Data extraction, study group formation and statistical analysis (One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson’s chi-squared statistical analysis and relative risk calculation) were done specifically to evaluate age and BMI as risk factors for postoperative complications and outcome. Results: No significant differences in patients’ age and BMI in the complication groups compared to the no-complication group could be found. No significant difference regarding the occurrence of complications could be found in any of the formed risk-groups. No significant increase of minor-, major- or overall complications, flap loss or revision surgeries were found in the elderly patient groups or for patients with overweight. Conclusion: Age and overweight do not significantly increase the risk for postoperative complications after breast reconstructions with free TMG flaps. The findings of this study support the fact that microsurgical breast reconstruction with a free TMG flap should not solely be reserved for younger patients and females with a lower BMI. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:08:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4a74cde68e624d72a4375fa677af3789 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:08:14Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-4a74cde68e624d72a4375fa677af37892023-12-03T12:01:00ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832021-03-0110592610.3390/jcm10050926Age and Overweight Are Not Contraindications for a Breast Reconstruction with a TMG-Flap—A Risk and Complication Analysis of a Retrospective Double Center Study Including 300 PatientsKarl Schwaiger0Laurenz Weitgasser1Maximilian Mahrhofer2Kathrin Bachleitner3Selim Abed4Julia Wimbauer5Elisabeth Russe6Thomas Schoeller7Gottfried Wechselberger8Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Hospital of the Brothers of St. John of God (Barmherzige Brüder), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Kajetanerplatz 1, 5020 Salzburg, AustriaDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Marienhospital Stuttgart, Teaching Hospital of the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, GermanyDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Marienhospital Stuttgart, Teaching Hospital of the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, GermanyDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Marienhospital Stuttgart, Teaching Hospital of the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, GermanyDepartment of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Hospital of the Brothers of St. John of God (Barmherzige Brüder), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Kajetanerplatz 1, 5020 Salzburg, AustriaDepartment of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Hospital of the Brothers of St. John of God (Barmherzige Brüder), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Kajetanerplatz 1, 5020 Salzburg, AustriaDepartment of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Hospital of the Brothers of St. John of God (Barmherzige Brüder), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Kajetanerplatz 1, 5020 Salzburg, AustriaDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Marienhospital Stuttgart, Teaching Hospital of the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, GermanyDepartment of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Hospital of the Brothers of St. John of God (Barmherzige Brüder), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Kajetanerplatz 1, 5020 Salzburg, AustriaIntroduction: The transverse myocutaneous gracilis (TMG) flap has become a popular and reliable alternative for autologous breast reconstruction. Initially described as a valuable tissue source for women with low body-mass index, indications nowadays have widely expanded. The Western civilization demographic development with its aging population and the steady growing average BMI has led to increasing breast reconstructions with TMG flaps in overweight and aged individuals. Patients and Methods: A total of 300 TMG free flaps for unilateral autologous breast reconstruction were evaluated in the form of a retrospective double center cohort study. Data extraction, study group formation and statistical analysis (One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson’s chi-squared statistical analysis and relative risk calculation) were done specifically to evaluate age and BMI as risk factors for postoperative complications and outcome. Results: No significant differences in patients’ age and BMI in the complication groups compared to the no-complication group could be found. No significant difference regarding the occurrence of complications could be found in any of the formed risk-groups. No significant increase of minor-, major- or overall complications, flap loss or revision surgeries were found in the elderly patient groups or for patients with overweight. Conclusion: Age and overweight do not significantly increase the risk for postoperative complications after breast reconstructions with free TMG flaps. The findings of this study support the fact that microsurgical breast reconstruction with a free TMG flap should not solely be reserved for younger patients and females with a lower BMI.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/5/926TMG flapbreast reconstructioncomplication analysistransverse myocutaneous gracilis flaptransverse upper gracilis flapautologous breast reconstruction |
| spellingShingle | Karl Schwaiger Laurenz Weitgasser Maximilian Mahrhofer Kathrin Bachleitner Selim Abed Julia Wimbauer Elisabeth Russe Thomas Schoeller Gottfried Wechselberger Age and Overweight Are Not Contraindications for a Breast Reconstruction with a TMG-Flap—A Risk and Complication Analysis of a Retrospective Double Center Study Including 300 Patients Journal of Clinical Medicine TMG flap breast reconstruction complication analysis transverse myocutaneous gracilis flap transverse upper gracilis flap autologous breast reconstruction |
| title | Age and Overweight Are Not Contraindications for a Breast Reconstruction with a TMG-Flap—A Risk and Complication Analysis of a Retrospective Double Center Study Including 300 Patients |
| title_full | Age and Overweight Are Not Contraindications for a Breast Reconstruction with a TMG-Flap—A Risk and Complication Analysis of a Retrospective Double Center Study Including 300 Patients |
| title_fullStr | Age and Overweight Are Not Contraindications for a Breast Reconstruction with a TMG-Flap—A Risk and Complication Analysis of a Retrospective Double Center Study Including 300 Patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Age and Overweight Are Not Contraindications for a Breast Reconstruction with a TMG-Flap—A Risk and Complication Analysis of a Retrospective Double Center Study Including 300 Patients |
| title_short | Age and Overweight Are Not Contraindications for a Breast Reconstruction with a TMG-Flap—A Risk and Complication Analysis of a Retrospective Double Center Study Including 300 Patients |
| title_sort | age and overweight are not contraindications for a breast reconstruction with a tmg flap a risk and complication analysis of a retrospective double center study including 300 patients |
| topic | TMG flap breast reconstruction complication analysis transverse myocutaneous gracilis flap transverse upper gracilis flap autologous breast reconstruction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/5/926 |
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