Class A Scavenger Receptors Are Used by Frog Virus 3 During Its Cellular Entry
Frog virus 3 (FV3) is the type species of the genus <i>Ranavirus</i> (family Iridoviridae). FV3 and FV3-like viruses are globally distributed infectious agents with the capacity to replicate in three vertebrate classes (teleosts, amphibians, and reptiles). At the cellular level, FV3 and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-01-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/2/93 |
| _version_ | 1811270972122071040 |
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| author | Nguyen T. K. Vo Matthew Guerreiro Amulya Yaparla Leon Grayfer Stephanie J. DeWitte-Orr |
| author_facet | Nguyen T. K. Vo Matthew Guerreiro Amulya Yaparla Leon Grayfer Stephanie J. DeWitte-Orr |
| author_sort | Nguyen T. K. Vo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Frog virus 3 (FV3) is the type species of the genus <i>Ranavirus</i> (family Iridoviridae). FV3 and FV3-like viruses are globally distributed infectious agents with the capacity to replicate in three vertebrate classes (teleosts, amphibians, and reptiles). At the cellular level, FV3 and FV3-like viruses can infect cells from virtually all vertebrate classes. To date, the cellular receptors that are involved in the FV3 entry process are unknown. Class A scavenger receptors (SR-As) are a family of evolutionarily conserved cell-surface receptors that bind a wide range of chemically distinct polyanionic ligands and can function as cellular receptors for other DNA viruses, including vaccinia virus and herpes simplex virus. The present study aimed to determine whether SR-As are involved in FV3 cellular entry. By using well-defined SR-A competitive and non-competitive ligand-blocking assays and absolute qPCR, we demonstrated that the SR-A competitive ligands drastically reduced the quantities of cell-associated viral loads in frog cells. Moreover, inducing the expression of a human SR-AI in an SR-A null cell line significantly increased FV3–cell association. Together, our results indicate that SR-As are utilized by FV3 during the cellular entry process. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T22:11:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4a75e376d31d44fa999a77fdee0e3355 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T22:11:48Z |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-4a75e376d31d44fa999a77fdee0e33552022-12-22T03:14:42ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152019-01-011129310.3390/v11020093v11020093Class A Scavenger Receptors Are Used by Frog Virus 3 During Its Cellular EntryNguyen T. K. Vo0Matthew Guerreiro1Amulya Yaparla2Leon Grayfer3Stephanie J. DeWitte-Orr4Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, CanadaDepartment of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, CanadaDepartment of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USADepartment of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, CanadaFrog virus 3 (FV3) is the type species of the genus <i>Ranavirus</i> (family Iridoviridae). FV3 and FV3-like viruses are globally distributed infectious agents with the capacity to replicate in three vertebrate classes (teleosts, amphibians, and reptiles). At the cellular level, FV3 and FV3-like viruses can infect cells from virtually all vertebrate classes. To date, the cellular receptors that are involved in the FV3 entry process are unknown. Class A scavenger receptors (SR-As) are a family of evolutionarily conserved cell-surface receptors that bind a wide range of chemically distinct polyanionic ligands and can function as cellular receptors for other DNA viruses, including vaccinia virus and herpes simplex virus. The present study aimed to determine whether SR-As are involved in FV3 cellular entry. By using well-defined SR-A competitive and non-competitive ligand-blocking assays and absolute qPCR, we demonstrated that the SR-A competitive ligands drastically reduced the quantities of cell-associated viral loads in frog cells. Moreover, inducing the expression of a human SR-AI in an SR-A null cell line significantly increased FV3–cell association. Together, our results indicate that SR-As are utilized by FV3 during the cellular entry process.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/2/93frog virus 3ranavirusiridovirusclass A scavenger receptorsviral entrytadpolemacrophage<i>Xenopus</i><i>Lithobates</i>SR-AI |
| spellingShingle | Nguyen T. K. Vo Matthew Guerreiro Amulya Yaparla Leon Grayfer Stephanie J. DeWitte-Orr Class A Scavenger Receptors Are Used by Frog Virus 3 During Its Cellular Entry Viruses frog virus 3 ranavirus iridovirus class A scavenger receptors viral entry tadpole macrophage <i>Xenopus</i> <i>Lithobates</i> SR-AI |
| title | Class A Scavenger Receptors Are Used by Frog Virus 3 During Its Cellular Entry |
| title_full | Class A Scavenger Receptors Are Used by Frog Virus 3 During Its Cellular Entry |
| title_fullStr | Class A Scavenger Receptors Are Used by Frog Virus 3 During Its Cellular Entry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Class A Scavenger Receptors Are Used by Frog Virus 3 During Its Cellular Entry |
| title_short | Class A Scavenger Receptors Are Used by Frog Virus 3 During Its Cellular Entry |
| title_sort | class a scavenger receptors are used by frog virus 3 during its cellular entry |
| topic | frog virus 3 ranavirus iridovirus class A scavenger receptors viral entry tadpole macrophage <i>Xenopus</i> <i>Lithobates</i> SR-AI |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/2/93 |
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