| Summary: | Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition with limited treatment options, necessitating the exploration of innovative regenerative approaches. Nanosystems have emerged as promising tools for neural tissue engineering and drug delivery in SCI. This review provides a concise overview of the current progress and future directions in nanosystems-enabled regenerative therapies for SCI. It highlights the underlying mechanisms of SCI, including pathophysiology, inflammatory response, and axonal degeneration. Various nanosystems, such as nanoparticles and nano-scaffolds, are discussed for their potential in promoting neural tissue regeneration, neuroprotection, and controlled drug delivery. Additionally, the challenges of clinical translation, safety considerations, and regulatory aspects are addressed, along with the assessment of biocompatibility and adverse effects. This review highlights the immense potential of nanosystems in SCI treatment and emphasizes the need for further research to overcome remaining hurdles and facilitate their clinical implementation.
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