Monitoring with In Vivo Electrochemical Sensors: Navigating the Complexities of Blood and Tissue Reactivity
The disruptive action of an acute or critical illness is frequently manifest through rapid biochemical changes that may require continuous monitoring. Within these changes, resides trend information of predictive value, including responsiveness to therapy. In contrast to physical variables, biochemi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/11/3149 |
| _version_ | 1797566290392514560 |
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| author | Pankaj Vadgama |
| author_facet | Pankaj Vadgama |
| author_sort | Pankaj Vadgama |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The disruptive action of an acute or critical illness is frequently manifest through rapid biochemical changes that may require continuous monitoring. Within these changes, resides trend information of predictive value, including responsiveness to therapy. In contrast to physical variables, biochemical parameters monitored on a continuous basis are a largely untapped resource because of the lack of clinically usable monitoring systems. This is despite the huge testing repertoire opening up in recent years in relation to discrete biochemical measurements. Electrochemical sensors offer one of the few routes to obtaining continuous readout and, moreover, as implantable devices information referable to specific tissue locations. This review focuses on new biological insights that have been secured through in vivo electrochemical sensors. In addition, the challenges of operating in a reactive, biological, sample matrix are highlighted. Specific attention is given to the choreographed host rejection response, as evidenced in blood and tissue, and how this limits both sensor life time and reliability of operation. Examples will be based around ion, O<sub>2</sub>, glucose, and lactate sensors, because of the fundamental importance of this group to acute health care. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:25:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4a7c3f3daa8b4661a3e2fcaa5ec1b15a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:25:25Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-4a7c3f3daa8b4661a3e2fcaa5ec1b15a2023-11-20T02:36:39ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-06-012011314910.3390/s20113149Monitoring with In Vivo Electrochemical Sensors: Navigating the Complexities of Blood and Tissue ReactivityPankaj Vadgama0School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End, London E1 4NS, UKThe disruptive action of an acute or critical illness is frequently manifest through rapid biochemical changes that may require continuous monitoring. Within these changes, resides trend information of predictive value, including responsiveness to therapy. In contrast to physical variables, biochemical parameters monitored on a continuous basis are a largely untapped resource because of the lack of clinically usable monitoring systems. This is despite the huge testing repertoire opening up in recent years in relation to discrete biochemical measurements. Electrochemical sensors offer one of the few routes to obtaining continuous readout and, moreover, as implantable devices information referable to specific tissue locations. This review focuses on new biological insights that have been secured through in vivo electrochemical sensors. In addition, the challenges of operating in a reactive, biological, sample matrix are highlighted. Specific attention is given to the choreographed host rejection response, as evidenced in blood and tissue, and how this limits both sensor life time and reliability of operation. Examples will be based around ion, O<sub>2</sub>, glucose, and lactate sensors, because of the fundamental importance of this group to acute health care.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/11/3149metabolite sensorssensor biocompatibilityion selective electrodesforeign body reactionO<sub>2</sub>glucose |
| spellingShingle | Pankaj Vadgama Monitoring with In Vivo Electrochemical Sensors: Navigating the Complexities of Blood and Tissue Reactivity Sensors metabolite sensors sensor biocompatibility ion selective electrodes foreign body reaction O<sub>2</sub> glucose |
| title | Monitoring with In Vivo Electrochemical Sensors: Navigating the Complexities of Blood and Tissue Reactivity |
| title_full | Monitoring with In Vivo Electrochemical Sensors: Navigating the Complexities of Blood and Tissue Reactivity |
| title_fullStr | Monitoring with In Vivo Electrochemical Sensors: Navigating the Complexities of Blood and Tissue Reactivity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Monitoring with In Vivo Electrochemical Sensors: Navigating the Complexities of Blood and Tissue Reactivity |
| title_short | Monitoring with In Vivo Electrochemical Sensors: Navigating the Complexities of Blood and Tissue Reactivity |
| title_sort | monitoring with in vivo electrochemical sensors navigating the complexities of blood and tissue reactivity |
| topic | metabolite sensors sensor biocompatibility ion selective electrodes foreign body reaction O<sub>2</sub> glucose |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/11/3149 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pankajvadgama monitoringwithinvivoelectrochemicalsensorsnavigatingthecomplexitiesofbloodandtissuereactivity |