A modified Kozeny–Carman equation for predicting saturated hydraulic conductivity of compacted bentonite in confined condition
Kozeny–Carman (KC) equation is a well-known relation between hydraulic conductivity and pore properties in porous material. The applications of KC equation to predicting saturated hydraulic conductivities of sands and non-expansive soils are well documented. However, KC equation is incapable of pred...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2022-06-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674775521001475 |
| _version_ | 1818210538853761024 |
|---|---|
| author | Kunlin Ruan Xian-Lei Fu |
| author_facet | Kunlin Ruan Xian-Lei Fu |
| author_sort | Kunlin Ruan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Kozeny–Carman (KC) equation is a well-known relation between hydraulic conductivity and pore properties in porous material. The applications of KC equation to predicting saturated hydraulic conductivities of sands and non-expansive soils are well documented. However, KC equation is incapable of predicting saturated hydraulic conductivity of expansive soil (e.g. bentonite) well. Based on a new dual-pore system, this study modified KC equation for improving the prediction of saturated hydraulic conductivities of bentonites. In this study, an assumption that inter-layer space (micropore) has limited effect on fluid flow performance of compacted bentonite was adopted. The critical parameters including total porosity and total tortuosity in conventional KC equation were replaced by macroporosity and tortuosity of macropore, respectively. Macroporosity and microporosity were calculated by basal spacing of compacted bentonite, which was estimated by assuming that specific surface area is changeable during saturation process. A comprehensive comparison of bentonite's saturated hydraulic conductivity predictions, including modified KC equation proposed in this study, conventional KC equation, and prediction method based on diffuse double layer (DDL) theory, was carried out. It was found that the predicted saturated hydraulic conductivity of bentonites calculated using modified KC equation fitted the experimental data better than others to a certain extent. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T05:18:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4a82554338714ea89ecf5d812cca71b9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1674-7755 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T05:18:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-4a82554338714ea89ecf5d812cca71b92022-12-22T00:36:43ZengElsevierJournal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering1674-77552022-06-01143984993A modified Kozeny–Carman equation for predicting saturated hydraulic conductivity of compacted bentonite in confined conditionKunlin Ruan0Xian-Lei Fu1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, JapanJiangsu Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Engineering and Environmental Safety, Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; Corresponding author.Kozeny–Carman (KC) equation is a well-known relation between hydraulic conductivity and pore properties in porous material. The applications of KC equation to predicting saturated hydraulic conductivities of sands and non-expansive soils are well documented. However, KC equation is incapable of predicting saturated hydraulic conductivity of expansive soil (e.g. bentonite) well. Based on a new dual-pore system, this study modified KC equation for improving the prediction of saturated hydraulic conductivities of bentonites. In this study, an assumption that inter-layer space (micropore) has limited effect on fluid flow performance of compacted bentonite was adopted. The critical parameters including total porosity and total tortuosity in conventional KC equation were replaced by macroporosity and tortuosity of macropore, respectively. Macroporosity and microporosity were calculated by basal spacing of compacted bentonite, which was estimated by assuming that specific surface area is changeable during saturation process. A comprehensive comparison of bentonite's saturated hydraulic conductivity predictions, including modified KC equation proposed in this study, conventional KC equation, and prediction method based on diffuse double layer (DDL) theory, was carried out. It was found that the predicted saturated hydraulic conductivity of bentonites calculated using modified KC equation fitted the experimental data better than others to a certain extent.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674775521001475Kozeny–carman (KC) equationSaturated hydraulic conductivityBentonitePore size distribution (PSD)Specific surface area |
| spellingShingle | Kunlin Ruan Xian-Lei Fu A modified Kozeny–Carman equation for predicting saturated hydraulic conductivity of compacted bentonite in confined condition Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Kozeny–carman (KC) equation Saturated hydraulic conductivity Bentonite Pore size distribution (PSD) Specific surface area |
| title | A modified Kozeny–Carman equation for predicting saturated hydraulic conductivity of compacted bentonite in confined condition |
| title_full | A modified Kozeny–Carman equation for predicting saturated hydraulic conductivity of compacted bentonite in confined condition |
| title_fullStr | A modified Kozeny–Carman equation for predicting saturated hydraulic conductivity of compacted bentonite in confined condition |
| title_full_unstemmed | A modified Kozeny–Carman equation for predicting saturated hydraulic conductivity of compacted bentonite in confined condition |
| title_short | A modified Kozeny–Carman equation for predicting saturated hydraulic conductivity of compacted bentonite in confined condition |
| title_sort | modified kozeny carman equation for predicting saturated hydraulic conductivity of compacted bentonite in confined condition |
| topic | Kozeny–carman (KC) equation Saturated hydraulic conductivity Bentonite Pore size distribution (PSD) Specific surface area |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674775521001475 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kunlinruan amodifiedkozenycarmanequationforpredictingsaturatedhydraulicconductivityofcompactedbentoniteinconfinedcondition AT xianleifu amodifiedkozenycarmanequationforpredictingsaturatedhydraulicconductivityofcompactedbentoniteinconfinedcondition AT kunlinruan modifiedkozenycarmanequationforpredictingsaturatedhydraulicconductivityofcompactedbentoniteinconfinedcondition AT xianleifu modifiedkozenycarmanequationforpredictingsaturatedhydraulicconductivityofcompactedbentoniteinconfinedcondition |