Structural, Magnetic, and Electrical Properties and Magnetoresistance of Monovalent K-Substituted La<sub>0.7</sub>Ba<sub>0.3−</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>K<i><sub>x</sub></i>MnO<sub>3</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0 and 0.04) Manganite
The effects of K<sup>+</sup> substitution at the Ba-site on the structural, magnetic, and electrical properties and magnetoresistance (MR) of La<sub>0.7</sub>Ba<sub>0.3</sub><sub>−<i>x</i></sub>K<i><sub>x</sub></i>Mn...
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Condensed Matter |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3896/7/3/51 |
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| author | Amirah Zahrin Nurul Atiqah Azhar Norazila Ibrahim Zakiah Mohamed |
| author_facet | Amirah Zahrin Nurul Atiqah Azhar Norazila Ibrahim Zakiah Mohamed |
| author_sort | Amirah Zahrin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The effects of K<sup>+</sup> substitution at the Ba-site on the structural, magnetic, and electrical properties and magnetoresistance (MR) of La<sub>0.7</sub>Ba<sub>0.3</sub><sub>−<i>x</i></sub>K<i><sub>x</sub></i>MnO<sub>3</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0 and 0.04) manganites prepared via the solid-state method were investigated. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data confirmed that both samples were crystallized in the rhombohedral structure with the <i>R3</i><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mover><mi>c</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> space group. In addition, the unit cell volume, <i>V</i>, and the average grain size also increased with K<sup>+</sup> ions. Magnetization versus applied field (<i>M</i>–<i>H</i>) measurement was carried out, and the saturation magnetization (<i>M<sub>s</sub></i>) was found to increase from 1.81 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>μ</mi><mi>B</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>/f.u. (<i>x</i> = 0) to 4.11 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>μ</mi><mi>B</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> /f.u. (<i>x</i> = 0.04), implying that K<sup>+</sup> ions strengthened the ferromagnetic (FM) interaction. Furthermore, the metal–insulator transition temperature, <i>T<sub>MI</sub></i>, increased from 257 K (<i>x</i> = 0) to 271 K (<i>x</i> = 0.04). The observed behaviour may be related to the enhancement of double-exchange (DE) interaction due to the increase in Mn-O-Mn bond angle and electronic bandwidth (<i>W</i>), favouring the increasing rate of the e<sub>g</sub> electron hopping process. The fitting of the electrical resistivity data in the metallic region describes the significance of residual resistivity, electron–electron and electron–magnon scattering processes to elucidate the electronic transport properties. Within the insulating region, variable range hopping (VRH) and small polaron hopping (SPH) models are proposed to describe the conduction mechanism. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-4a85f8fe301d441aba35124de0574e1c2023-11-23T15:42:11ZengMDPI AGCondensed Matter2410-38962022-08-01735110.3390/condmat7030051Structural, Magnetic, and Electrical Properties and Magnetoresistance of Monovalent K-Substituted La<sub>0.7</sub>Ba<sub>0.3−</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>K<i><sub>x</sub></i>MnO<sub>3</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0 and 0.04) ManganiteAmirah Zahrin0Nurul Atiqah Azhar1Norazila Ibrahim2Zakiah Mohamed3School of Physics and Material Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor Darul Ehsan, MalaysiaSchool of Physics and Material Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor Darul Ehsan, MalaysiaSchool of Physics and Material Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor Darul Ehsan, MalaysiaSchool of Physics and Material Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor Darul Ehsan, MalaysiaThe effects of K<sup>+</sup> substitution at the Ba-site on the structural, magnetic, and electrical properties and magnetoresistance (MR) of La<sub>0.7</sub>Ba<sub>0.3</sub><sub>−<i>x</i></sub>K<i><sub>x</sub></i>MnO<sub>3</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0 and 0.04) manganites prepared via the solid-state method were investigated. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data confirmed that both samples were crystallized in the rhombohedral structure with the <i>R3</i><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mover><mi>c</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> space group. In addition, the unit cell volume, <i>V</i>, and the average grain size also increased with K<sup>+</sup> ions. Magnetization versus applied field (<i>M</i>–<i>H</i>) measurement was carried out, and the saturation magnetization (<i>M<sub>s</sub></i>) was found to increase from 1.81 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>μ</mi><mi>B</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>/f.u. (<i>x</i> = 0) to 4.11 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>μ</mi><mi>B</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> /f.u. (<i>x</i> = 0.04), implying that K<sup>+</sup> ions strengthened the ferromagnetic (FM) interaction. Furthermore, the metal–insulator transition temperature, <i>T<sub>MI</sub></i>, increased from 257 K (<i>x</i> = 0) to 271 K (<i>x</i> = 0.04). The observed behaviour may be related to the enhancement of double-exchange (DE) interaction due to the increase in Mn-O-Mn bond angle and electronic bandwidth (<i>W</i>), favouring the increasing rate of the e<sub>g</sub> electron hopping process. The fitting of the electrical resistivity data in the metallic region describes the significance of residual resistivity, electron–electron and electron–magnon scattering processes to elucidate the electronic transport properties. Within the insulating region, variable range hopping (VRH) and small polaron hopping (SPH) models are proposed to describe the conduction mechanism.https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3896/7/3/51magnetic materialsX-ray diffractionmanganiteselectrical propertiesmagnetic properties |
| spellingShingle | Amirah Zahrin Nurul Atiqah Azhar Norazila Ibrahim Zakiah Mohamed Structural, Magnetic, and Electrical Properties and Magnetoresistance of Monovalent K-Substituted La<sub>0.7</sub>Ba<sub>0.3−</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>K<i><sub>x</sub></i>MnO<sub>3</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0 and 0.04) Manganite Condensed Matter magnetic materials X-ray diffraction manganites electrical properties magnetic properties |
| title | Structural, Magnetic, and Electrical Properties and Magnetoresistance of Monovalent K-Substituted La<sub>0.7</sub>Ba<sub>0.3−</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>K<i><sub>x</sub></i>MnO<sub>3</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0 and 0.04) Manganite |
| title_full | Structural, Magnetic, and Electrical Properties and Magnetoresistance of Monovalent K-Substituted La<sub>0.7</sub>Ba<sub>0.3−</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>K<i><sub>x</sub></i>MnO<sub>3</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0 and 0.04) Manganite |
| title_fullStr | Structural, Magnetic, and Electrical Properties and Magnetoresistance of Monovalent K-Substituted La<sub>0.7</sub>Ba<sub>0.3−</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>K<i><sub>x</sub></i>MnO<sub>3</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0 and 0.04) Manganite |
| title_full_unstemmed | Structural, Magnetic, and Electrical Properties and Magnetoresistance of Monovalent K-Substituted La<sub>0.7</sub>Ba<sub>0.3−</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>K<i><sub>x</sub></i>MnO<sub>3</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0 and 0.04) Manganite |
| title_short | Structural, Magnetic, and Electrical Properties and Magnetoresistance of Monovalent K-Substituted La<sub>0.7</sub>Ba<sub>0.3−</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>K<i><sub>x</sub></i>MnO<sub>3</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0 and 0.04) Manganite |
| title_sort | structural magnetic and electrical properties and magnetoresistance of monovalent k substituted la sub 0 7 sub ba sub 0 3 sub i sub x sub i k i sub x sub i mno sub 3 sub i x i 0 and 0 04 manganite |
| topic | magnetic materials X-ray diffraction manganites electrical properties magnetic properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3896/7/3/51 |
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