Phenolic Characterization and Neuroprotective Properties of Grape Pomace Extracts
<i>Vitis vinifera</i> (grape) contains various compounds with acknowledged phytochemical and pharmacological properties. Among the different parts of the plant, pomace is of particular interest as a winemaking industry by-product. A characterization of the water extract from grape pomace...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/20/6216 |
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| author | Annalisa Chiavaroli Marwa Balaha Alessandra Acquaviva Claudio Ferrante Amelia Cataldi Luigi Menghini Monica Rapino Giustino Orlando Luigi Brunetti Sheila Leone Lucia Recinella Viviana di Giacomo |
| author_facet | Annalisa Chiavaroli Marwa Balaha Alessandra Acquaviva Claudio Ferrante Amelia Cataldi Luigi Menghini Monica Rapino Giustino Orlando Luigi Brunetti Sheila Leone Lucia Recinella Viviana di Giacomo |
| author_sort | Annalisa Chiavaroli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Vitis vinifera</i> (grape) contains various compounds with acknowledged phytochemical and pharmacological properties. Among the different parts of the plant, pomace is of particular interest as a winemaking industry by-product. A characterization of the water extract from grape pomace from Montepulciano d’Abruzzo variety (Villamagna doc) was conducted, and the bioactive phenolic compounds were quantified through HPLC-DAD-MS analysis. HypoE22, a hypothalamic cell line, was challenged with an oxidative stimulus and exposed to different concentrations (1 µg/mL<sup>−1</sup> mg/mL) of the pomace extract for 24, 48, and 72 h. In the same conditions, cells were exposed to the sole catechin, in a concentration range (5–500 ng/mL) consistent with the catechin level in the extract. Cell proliferation was investigated by MTT assay, dopamine release through HPLC-EC method, PGE<sub>2</sub> amount by an ELISA kit, and expressions of neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) by RT-PCR. The extract reverted the cytotoxicity exerted by the oxidative stimulus at all the experimental times in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the catechin was able to revert the oxidative stress-induced depletion of dopamine 48 h and 72 h after the stimulus. The extract and the catechin were also effective in preventing the downregulation of BDNF and the concomitant upregulation of COX-2 gene expression. In accordance, PGE<sub>2</sub> release was augmented by the oxidative stress conditions and reverted by the administration of the water extract from grace pomace and catechin, which were equally effective. These results suggest that the neuroprotection induced by the extract could be ascribed, albeit partially, to its catechin content. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:20:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4a89316beeef4d22bfd15bd6e4fe5510 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:20:59Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-4a89316beeef4d22bfd15bd6e4fe55102023-11-22T19:19:50ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-10-012620621610.3390/molecules26206216Phenolic Characterization and Neuroprotective Properties of Grape Pomace ExtractsAnnalisa Chiavaroli0Marwa Balaha1Alessandra Acquaviva2Claudio Ferrante3Amelia Cataldi4Luigi Menghini5Monica Rapino6Giustino Orlando7Luigi Brunetti8Sheila Leone9Lucia Recinella10Viviana di Giacomo11Department of Pharmacy, University G. d’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University G. d’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University G. d’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University G. d’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University G. d’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University G. d’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, ItalyGenetic Molecular Institute of CNR, Unit of Chieti, University G. d’Annunzio, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University G. d’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University G. d’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University G. d’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University G. d’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University G. d’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy<i>Vitis vinifera</i> (grape) contains various compounds with acknowledged phytochemical and pharmacological properties. Among the different parts of the plant, pomace is of particular interest as a winemaking industry by-product. A characterization of the water extract from grape pomace from Montepulciano d’Abruzzo variety (Villamagna doc) was conducted, and the bioactive phenolic compounds were quantified through HPLC-DAD-MS analysis. HypoE22, a hypothalamic cell line, was challenged with an oxidative stimulus and exposed to different concentrations (1 µg/mL<sup>−1</sup> mg/mL) of the pomace extract for 24, 48, and 72 h. In the same conditions, cells were exposed to the sole catechin, in a concentration range (5–500 ng/mL) consistent with the catechin level in the extract. Cell proliferation was investigated by MTT assay, dopamine release through HPLC-EC method, PGE<sub>2</sub> amount by an ELISA kit, and expressions of neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) by RT-PCR. The extract reverted the cytotoxicity exerted by the oxidative stimulus at all the experimental times in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the catechin was able to revert the oxidative stress-induced depletion of dopamine 48 h and 72 h after the stimulus. The extract and the catechin were also effective in preventing the downregulation of BDNF and the concomitant upregulation of COX-2 gene expression. In accordance, PGE<sub>2</sub> release was augmented by the oxidative stress conditions and reverted by the administration of the water extract from grace pomace and catechin, which were equally effective. These results suggest that the neuroprotection induced by the extract could be ascribed, albeit partially, to its catechin content.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/20/6216neuroprotectiongrape pomacewater extractoxidative stressBDNFCOX-2 |
| spellingShingle | Annalisa Chiavaroli Marwa Balaha Alessandra Acquaviva Claudio Ferrante Amelia Cataldi Luigi Menghini Monica Rapino Giustino Orlando Luigi Brunetti Sheila Leone Lucia Recinella Viviana di Giacomo Phenolic Characterization and Neuroprotective Properties of Grape Pomace Extracts Molecules neuroprotection grape pomace water extract oxidative stress BDNF COX-2 |
| title | Phenolic Characterization and Neuroprotective Properties of Grape Pomace Extracts |
| title_full | Phenolic Characterization and Neuroprotective Properties of Grape Pomace Extracts |
| title_fullStr | Phenolic Characterization and Neuroprotective Properties of Grape Pomace Extracts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phenolic Characterization and Neuroprotective Properties of Grape Pomace Extracts |
| title_short | Phenolic Characterization and Neuroprotective Properties of Grape Pomace Extracts |
| title_sort | phenolic characterization and neuroprotective properties of grape pomace extracts |
| topic | neuroprotection grape pomace water extract oxidative stress BDNF COX-2 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/20/6216 |
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