A Comparative Study on Processed <i>Panax ginseng</i> Products Using HR-MAS NMR-Based Metabolomics
<i>Panax ginseng</i> is processed to diversify efficacy. Four processed ginsengs containing white ginseng (WG), tae-geuk ginseng (TG), red ginseng (RG), and black ginseng (BG) were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for screening overall primary metabolites. The...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/6/1390 |
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| author | Dahye Yoon Woo Cheol Shin Young-Seob Lee Suhkmann Kim Nam-In Baek Dae Young Lee |
| author_facet | Dahye Yoon Woo Cheol Shin Young-Seob Lee Suhkmann Kim Nam-In Baek Dae Young Lee |
| author_sort | Dahye Yoon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Panax ginseng</i> is processed to diversify efficacy. Four processed ginsengs containing white ginseng (WG), tae-geuk ginseng (TG), red ginseng (RG), and black ginseng (BG) were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for screening overall primary metabolites. There were significant differences in the sugar content among these four processed ginseng products. WG had a high sucrose content, TG had a high maltose content, and BG had high fructose and glucose content. In the multivariate analyses of NMR spectra, the PCA score plot showed significant discrimination between the four processed ginsengs. For effective clustering, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analyses (OPLS-DA) with a 1:1 comparison were conducted and all OPLS models were validated using the permutation test, the root mean square error of estimation (RMSEE), and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP). All OPLS-DA score plots showed clear separations of processed ginseng products, and sugars such as sucrose and fructose mainly contributed to these separations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T19:21:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4a8a298eff294e2ca21d7e1dfcc7fb28 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T19:21:59Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-4a8a298eff294e2ca21d7e1dfcc7fb282022-12-22T00:53:30ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-03-01256139010.3390/molecules25061390molecules25061390A Comparative Study on Processed <i>Panax ginseng</i> Products Using HR-MAS NMR-Based MetabolomicsDahye Yoon0Woo Cheol Shin1Young-Seob Lee2Suhkmann Kim3Nam-In Baek4Dae Young Lee5Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, KoreaDepartment of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, KoreaDepartment of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, KoreaDepartment of Chemistry, Center for Proteome Biophysics and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, KoreaDepartment of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, KoreaDepartment of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Korea<i>Panax ginseng</i> is processed to diversify efficacy. Four processed ginsengs containing white ginseng (WG), tae-geuk ginseng (TG), red ginseng (RG), and black ginseng (BG) were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for screening overall primary metabolites. There were significant differences in the sugar content among these four processed ginseng products. WG had a high sucrose content, TG had a high maltose content, and BG had high fructose and glucose content. In the multivariate analyses of NMR spectra, the PCA score plot showed significant discrimination between the four processed ginsengs. For effective clustering, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analyses (OPLS-DA) with a 1:1 comparison were conducted and all OPLS models were validated using the permutation test, the root mean square error of estimation (RMSEE), and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP). All OPLS-DA score plots showed clear separations of processed ginseng products, and sugars such as sucrose and fructose mainly contributed to these separations.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/6/1390white ginsengtae-geuk ginsengred ginsengblack ginsengmetabolomics |
| spellingShingle | Dahye Yoon Woo Cheol Shin Young-Seob Lee Suhkmann Kim Nam-In Baek Dae Young Lee A Comparative Study on Processed <i>Panax ginseng</i> Products Using HR-MAS NMR-Based Metabolomics Molecules white ginseng tae-geuk ginseng red ginseng black ginseng metabolomics |
| title | A Comparative Study on Processed <i>Panax ginseng</i> Products Using HR-MAS NMR-Based Metabolomics |
| title_full | A Comparative Study on Processed <i>Panax ginseng</i> Products Using HR-MAS NMR-Based Metabolomics |
| title_fullStr | A Comparative Study on Processed <i>Panax ginseng</i> Products Using HR-MAS NMR-Based Metabolomics |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Comparative Study on Processed <i>Panax ginseng</i> Products Using HR-MAS NMR-Based Metabolomics |
| title_short | A Comparative Study on Processed <i>Panax ginseng</i> Products Using HR-MAS NMR-Based Metabolomics |
| title_sort | comparative study on processed i panax ginseng i products using hr mas nmr based metabolomics |
| topic | white ginseng tae-geuk ginseng red ginseng black ginseng metabolomics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/6/1390 |
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