Conducting Thermographic Inspections in Electrical Substations: A Survey
Liberalization of the electricity market has forced the use of economic and efficient maintenance techniques. Thus, it is necessary to extend the useful life of the facilities in a perfect state of service, and with quality supply for customers. Furthermore, thermography is a maintenance technique t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/20/10381 |
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| author | Pedro J. Zarco-Periñán Fco Javier Zarco-Soto Irene M. Zarco-Soto José L. Martínez-Ramos |
| author_facet | Pedro J. Zarco-Periñán Fco Javier Zarco-Soto Irene M. Zarco-Soto José L. Martínez-Ramos |
| author_sort | Pedro J. Zarco-Periñán |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Liberalization of the electricity market has forced the use of economic and efficient maintenance techniques. Thus, it is necessary to extend the useful life of the facilities in a perfect state of service, and with quality supply for customers. Furthermore, thermography is a maintenance technique that can be implemented quickly, has low cost, and is very effective in terms of the results provided. For this reason, it is very widespread within the electricity sector. As substations are critical facilities within the electrical supply, thermographic inspections are carried out on them very frequently. However, to ensure that the results obtained are reliable, a series of requirements must be met. A compilation of the complete process of the performance of a correct thermography in substations is shown. The factors that affect performing a correct thermographic inspection are indicated. These can be procedural, technical, and environmental. In addition, conditions for conducting thermographic inspections and the action to performed on a hot spot are indicated. The hot spot is usually identified with a current and wind speed other than nominal; these two variables can mask the true severity of the hot spot. For this reason, the extrapolation of the detected temperature to the nominal current conditions and in the absence of wind is carried out using a proposed formula. Finally, two examples of application of the proposed formula and the recommended action on them are exposed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:46:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4aa04ef3e8df43a09ce2cfb53bd3af73 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:46:34Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-4aa04ef3e8df43a09ce2cfb53bd3af732023-11-23T22:43:41ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-10-0112201038110.3390/app122010381Conducting Thermographic Inspections in Electrical Substations: A SurveyPedro J. Zarco-Periñán0Fco Javier Zarco-Soto1Irene M. Zarco-Soto2José L. Martínez-Ramos3Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Sevilla, Camino de los Descubrimientos, s/n, 41092 Sevilla, SpainDepartamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Sevilla, Camino de los Descubrimientos, s/n, 41092 Sevilla, SpainDepartamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Sevilla, Camino de los Descubrimientos, s/n, 41092 Sevilla, SpainDepartamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Sevilla, Camino de los Descubrimientos, s/n, 41092 Sevilla, SpainLiberalization of the electricity market has forced the use of economic and efficient maintenance techniques. Thus, it is necessary to extend the useful life of the facilities in a perfect state of service, and with quality supply for customers. Furthermore, thermography is a maintenance technique that can be implemented quickly, has low cost, and is very effective in terms of the results provided. For this reason, it is very widespread within the electricity sector. As substations are critical facilities within the electrical supply, thermographic inspections are carried out on them very frequently. However, to ensure that the results obtained are reliable, a series of requirements must be met. A compilation of the complete process of the performance of a correct thermography in substations is shown. The factors that affect performing a correct thermographic inspection are indicated. These can be procedural, technical, and environmental. In addition, conditions for conducting thermographic inspections and the action to performed on a hot spot are indicated. The hot spot is usually identified with a current and wind speed other than nominal; these two variables can mask the true severity of the hot spot. For this reason, the extrapolation of the detected temperature to the nominal current conditions and in the absence of wind is carried out using a proposed formula. Finally, two examples of application of the proposed formula and the recommended action on them are exposed.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/20/10381infrared thermographynondestructive evaluationdefect detectiondefect criticalitysubstation |
| spellingShingle | Pedro J. Zarco-Periñán Fco Javier Zarco-Soto Irene M. Zarco-Soto José L. Martínez-Ramos Conducting Thermographic Inspections in Electrical Substations: A Survey Applied Sciences infrared thermography nondestructive evaluation defect detection defect criticality substation |
| title | Conducting Thermographic Inspections in Electrical Substations: A Survey |
| title_full | Conducting Thermographic Inspections in Electrical Substations: A Survey |
| title_fullStr | Conducting Thermographic Inspections in Electrical Substations: A Survey |
| title_full_unstemmed | Conducting Thermographic Inspections in Electrical Substations: A Survey |
| title_short | Conducting Thermographic Inspections in Electrical Substations: A Survey |
| title_sort | conducting thermographic inspections in electrical substations a survey |
| topic | infrared thermography nondestructive evaluation defect detection defect criticality substation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/20/10381 |
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