Genetic factors in precocious puberty
Pubertal onset is known to result from reactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, which is controlled by complex interactions of genetic and nongenetic factors. Most cases of precocious puberty (PP) are diagnosed as central PP (CPP), defined as premature activation of the HPG axi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The Korean Pediatric Society
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics |
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| Online Access: | http://www.e-cep.org/upload/pdf/cep-2021-00521.pdf |
| _version_ | 1830230756186652672 |
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| author | Young Suk Shim Hae Sang Lee Jin Soon Hwang |
| author_facet | Young Suk Shim Hae Sang Lee Jin Soon Hwang |
| author_sort | Young Suk Shim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pubertal onset is known to result from reactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, which is controlled by complex interactions of genetic and nongenetic factors. Most cases of precocious puberty (PP) are diagnosed as central PP (CPP), defined as premature activation of the HPG axis. The cause of CPP in most girls is not identifiable and, thus, referred to as idiopathic CPP (ICPP), whereas boys are more likely to have an organic lesion in the brain. ICPP has a genetic background, as supported by studies showing that maternal age at menarche is associated with pubertal timing in their offspring. A gain of expression in the kisspeptin gene (KISS1), gain-of-function mutation in the kisspeptin receptor gene (KISS1R), loss-of-function mutation in makorin ring finger protein 3 (MKRN3), and loss-of-function mutations in the delta-like homolog 1 gene (DLK1) have been associated with ICPP. Other genes, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 (GABRA1), lin-28 homolog B (LIN28B), neuropeptide Y (NPYR), tachykinin 3 (TAC3), and tachykinin receptor 3 (TACR3), have been implicated in the progression of ICPP, although their relationships require elucidation. Environmental and socioeconomic factors may also be correlated with ICPP. In the progression of CPP, epigenetic factors such as DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modifications, and noncoding ribonucleic acids may mediate the relationship between genetic and environmental factors. CPP is correlated with short- and long-term adverse health outcomes, which forms the rationale for research focusing on understanding its genetic and nongenetic factors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T11:00:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4aa504ec83ac493d94caa138333e1d7e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2713-4148 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T11:00:05Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | The Korean Pediatric Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics |
| spelling | doaj.art-4aa504ec83ac493d94caa138333e1d7e2022-12-21T21:10:14ZengThe Korean Pediatric SocietyClinical and Experimental Pediatrics2713-41482022-04-0165417218110.3345/cep.2021.0052120125555474Genetic factors in precocious pubertyYoung Suk Shim0Hae Sang Lee1Jin Soon Hwang2 Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, KoreaPubertal onset is known to result from reactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, which is controlled by complex interactions of genetic and nongenetic factors. Most cases of precocious puberty (PP) are diagnosed as central PP (CPP), defined as premature activation of the HPG axis. The cause of CPP in most girls is not identifiable and, thus, referred to as idiopathic CPP (ICPP), whereas boys are more likely to have an organic lesion in the brain. ICPP has a genetic background, as supported by studies showing that maternal age at menarche is associated with pubertal timing in their offspring. A gain of expression in the kisspeptin gene (KISS1), gain-of-function mutation in the kisspeptin receptor gene (KISS1R), loss-of-function mutation in makorin ring finger protein 3 (MKRN3), and loss-of-function mutations in the delta-like homolog 1 gene (DLK1) have been associated with ICPP. Other genes, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 (GABRA1), lin-28 homolog B (LIN28B), neuropeptide Y (NPYR), tachykinin 3 (TAC3), and tachykinin receptor 3 (TACR3), have been implicated in the progression of ICPP, although their relationships require elucidation. Environmental and socioeconomic factors may also be correlated with ICPP. In the progression of CPP, epigenetic factors such as DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modifications, and noncoding ribonucleic acids may mediate the relationship between genetic and environmental factors. CPP is correlated with short- and long-term adverse health outcomes, which forms the rationale for research focusing on understanding its genetic and nongenetic factors.http://www.e-cep.org/upload/pdf/cep-2021-00521.pdfcentral precocious puberty gene gene gene gene |
| spellingShingle | Young Suk Shim Hae Sang Lee Jin Soon Hwang Genetic factors in precocious puberty Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics central precocious puberty gene gene gene gene |
| title | Genetic factors in precocious puberty |
| title_full | Genetic factors in precocious puberty |
| title_fullStr | Genetic factors in precocious puberty |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetic factors in precocious puberty |
| title_short | Genetic factors in precocious puberty |
| title_sort | genetic factors in precocious puberty |
| topic | central precocious puberty gene gene gene gene |
| url | http://www.e-cep.org/upload/pdf/cep-2021-00521.pdf |
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