Human Toxoplasma gondii infection in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data published between 1960 and 2019
Abstract Background Over 70% of the worlds’ population is infected by Toxoplasma gondii; a pathogen capable of causing cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV patients and neonatal complications like miscarriage, chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, cerebral calcification and foetal death in the third trimester of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2020-06-01
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| Series: | BMC Public Health |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-020-09015-7 |
| _version_ | 1811328834236055552 |
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| author | Solomon Ngutor Karshima Magdalene Nguvan Karshima |
| author_facet | Solomon Ngutor Karshima Magdalene Nguvan Karshima |
| author_sort | Solomon Ngutor Karshima |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Over 70% of the worlds’ population is infected by Toxoplasma gondii; a pathogen capable of causing cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV patients and neonatal complications like miscarriage, chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, cerebral calcification and foetal death in the third trimester of pregnancy. In spite of this, the burden of this zoonotic pathogen is poorly understood in Nigeria. The aim of the present study therefore, is to determine the burden of T. gondii among normal individuals, HIV patients and pregnant women as well as the distribution of the infection across Nigeria. Methods Using the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of data retrieved from six electronic databases (AJOL, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Web of Science). Pooled prevalence (PP) and heterogeneity were determined by the random-effects model and the Cochran’s Q-test respectively. The quality of each study and publication bias were assessed by the 9 point Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Instrument and the Egger’s regression asymmetry test respectively, while the robustness of a pooled estimate was tested by the single study omission analysis. Results Exactly 5834 of the 16,230 individuals examined for T. gondii infection by 50 studies across 17 Nigerian States were positive for the infection. Overall PP was 32.92% (95% CI: 27.89, 38.37), with a range of 14.41% (95% CI: 5.32, 33.54) to 86.82% (95% CI: 66.13, 95.69) across sub-groups. Pooled prevalence was significantly higher (p < 0.001) among pregnant women (40.25%; 95% CI: 33.19, 47.73) and HIV patients (31.68, 95% CI: 20.53, 45.41) than normal individuals (23.32, 95% CI: 17.25, 30.75). T. gondii prevalence declined by over 58% during the 59 years reviewed. Conclusion Toxoplasma gondii infection is moderately prevalent in Nigeria. Highest prevalence estimates were observed among pregnant women and in the south-south region. For effective control of the disease in Nigeria, a holistic approach involving on-farm, environmental, public health and animal components are suggested. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T15:32:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4aa5ba4b5573405793e70df960834063 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T15:32:00Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-4aa5ba4b5573405793e70df9608340632022-12-22T02:41:21ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582020-06-0120111510.1186/s12889-020-09015-7Human Toxoplasma gondii infection in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data published between 1960 and 2019Solomon Ngutor Karshima0Magdalene Nguvan Karshima1Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of JosDepartment of Parasitology and Entomology, Modibbo Adama University of TechnologyAbstract Background Over 70% of the worlds’ population is infected by Toxoplasma gondii; a pathogen capable of causing cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV patients and neonatal complications like miscarriage, chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, cerebral calcification and foetal death in the third trimester of pregnancy. In spite of this, the burden of this zoonotic pathogen is poorly understood in Nigeria. The aim of the present study therefore, is to determine the burden of T. gondii among normal individuals, HIV patients and pregnant women as well as the distribution of the infection across Nigeria. Methods Using the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of data retrieved from six electronic databases (AJOL, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Web of Science). Pooled prevalence (PP) and heterogeneity were determined by the random-effects model and the Cochran’s Q-test respectively. The quality of each study and publication bias were assessed by the 9 point Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Instrument and the Egger’s regression asymmetry test respectively, while the robustness of a pooled estimate was tested by the single study omission analysis. Results Exactly 5834 of the 16,230 individuals examined for T. gondii infection by 50 studies across 17 Nigerian States were positive for the infection. Overall PP was 32.92% (95% CI: 27.89, 38.37), with a range of 14.41% (95% CI: 5.32, 33.54) to 86.82% (95% CI: 66.13, 95.69) across sub-groups. Pooled prevalence was significantly higher (p < 0.001) among pregnant women (40.25%; 95% CI: 33.19, 47.73) and HIV patients (31.68, 95% CI: 20.53, 45.41) than normal individuals (23.32, 95% CI: 17.25, 30.75). T. gondii prevalence declined by over 58% during the 59 years reviewed. Conclusion Toxoplasma gondii infection is moderately prevalent in Nigeria. Highest prevalence estimates were observed among pregnant women and in the south-south region. For effective control of the disease in Nigeria, a holistic approach involving on-farm, environmental, public health and animal components are suggested.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-020-09015-7Geographical distributionHIV patientsNormal individualsPregnant womenPrevalenceToxoplasma gondii |
| spellingShingle | Solomon Ngutor Karshima Magdalene Nguvan Karshima Human Toxoplasma gondii infection in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data published between 1960 and 2019 BMC Public Health Geographical distribution HIV patients Normal individuals Pregnant women Prevalence Toxoplasma gondii |
| title | Human Toxoplasma gondii infection in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data published between 1960 and 2019 |
| title_full | Human Toxoplasma gondii infection in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data published between 1960 and 2019 |
| title_fullStr | Human Toxoplasma gondii infection in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data published between 1960 and 2019 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Human Toxoplasma gondii infection in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data published between 1960 and 2019 |
| title_short | Human Toxoplasma gondii infection in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data published between 1960 and 2019 |
| title_sort | human toxoplasma gondii infection in nigeria a systematic review and meta analysis of data published between 1960 and 2019 |
| topic | Geographical distribution HIV patients Normal individuals Pregnant women Prevalence Toxoplasma gondii |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-020-09015-7 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT solomonngutorkarshima humantoxoplasmagondiiinfectioninnigeriaasystematicreviewandmetaanalysisofdatapublishedbetween1960and2019 AT magdalenenguvankarshima humantoxoplasmagondiiinfectioninnigeriaasystematicreviewandmetaanalysisofdatapublishedbetween1960and2019 |