Toll-like receptor-targeted anti-tumor therapies: Advances and challenges
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors, originally discovered to stimulate innate immune reactions against microbial infection. TLRs also play essential roles in bridging the innate and adaptive immune system, playing multiple roles in inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and can...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1049340/full |
| _version_ | 1811309181809983488 |
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| author | Yang Yang Hongyi Li Christina Fotopoulou Paula Cunnea Xia Zhao |
| author_facet | Yang Yang Hongyi Li Christina Fotopoulou Paula Cunnea Xia Zhao |
| author_sort | Yang Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors, originally discovered to stimulate innate immune reactions against microbial infection. TLRs also play essential roles in bridging the innate and adaptive immune system, playing multiple roles in inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Thanks to the immune stimulatory potential of TLRs, TLR-targeted strategies in cancer treatment have proved to be able to regulate the tumor microenvironment towards tumoricidal phenotypes. Quantities of pre-clinical studies and clinical trials using TLR-targeted strategies in treating cancer have been initiated, with some drugs already becoming part of standard care. Here we review the structure, ligand, signaling pathways, and expression of TLRs; we then provide an overview of the pre-clinical studies and an updated clinical trial watch targeting each TLR in cancer treatment; and finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects of TLR-targeted therapy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T09:36:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4aa5fd08ee004d61bf94a8ac326c8744 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T09:36:27Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-4aa5fd08ee004d61bf94a8ac326c87442022-12-22T02:52:04ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242022-11-011310.3389/fimmu.2022.10493401049340Toll-like receptor-targeted anti-tumor therapies: Advances and challengesYang Yang0Hongyi Li1Christina Fotopoulou2Paula Cunnea3Xia Zhao4Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaDevelopment and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaDivision of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United KingdomDivision of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United KingdomDevelopment and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaToll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors, originally discovered to stimulate innate immune reactions against microbial infection. TLRs also play essential roles in bridging the innate and adaptive immune system, playing multiple roles in inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Thanks to the immune stimulatory potential of TLRs, TLR-targeted strategies in cancer treatment have proved to be able to regulate the tumor microenvironment towards tumoricidal phenotypes. Quantities of pre-clinical studies and clinical trials using TLR-targeted strategies in treating cancer have been initiated, with some drugs already becoming part of standard care. Here we review the structure, ligand, signaling pathways, and expression of TLRs; we then provide an overview of the pre-clinical studies and an updated clinical trial watch targeting each TLR in cancer treatment; and finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects of TLR-targeted therapy.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1049340/fulltoll-like receptorscancertargeted therapyimmunotherapyclinical trials |
| spellingShingle | Yang Yang Hongyi Li Christina Fotopoulou Paula Cunnea Xia Zhao Toll-like receptor-targeted anti-tumor therapies: Advances and challenges Frontiers in Immunology toll-like receptors cancer targeted therapy immunotherapy clinical trials |
| title | Toll-like receptor-targeted anti-tumor therapies: Advances and challenges |
| title_full | Toll-like receptor-targeted anti-tumor therapies: Advances and challenges |
| title_fullStr | Toll-like receptor-targeted anti-tumor therapies: Advances and challenges |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toll-like receptor-targeted anti-tumor therapies: Advances and challenges |
| title_short | Toll-like receptor-targeted anti-tumor therapies: Advances and challenges |
| title_sort | toll like receptor targeted anti tumor therapies advances and challenges |
| topic | toll-like receptors cancer targeted therapy immunotherapy clinical trials |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1049340/full |
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