Lysine deficiency impaired growth performance and immune response and aggravated inflammatory response of the skin, spleen and head kidney in grown-up grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
This dissertation was primarily focused on the immune response, inflammatory response and molecular mechanisms in the skin, head kidney and spleen of grown-up grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Six iso-nitrogen diets differing in lysine concentrations (5.6, 8.5, 11.6, 14.4, 17.5 and 20.7 g/kg) we...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Animal Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654521000342 |
| _version_ | 1818835879473446912 |
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| author | Yangyang Hu Lin Feng Weidan Jiang Pei Wu Yang Liu Shengyao Kuang Ling Tang Xiaoqiu Zhou |
| author_facet | Yangyang Hu Lin Feng Weidan Jiang Pei Wu Yang Liu Shengyao Kuang Ling Tang Xiaoqiu Zhou |
| author_sort | Yangyang Hu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This dissertation was primarily focused on the immune response, inflammatory response and molecular mechanisms in the skin, head kidney and spleen of grown-up grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Six iso-nitrogen diets differing in lysine concentrations (5.6, 8.5, 11.6, 14.4, 17.5 and 20.7 g/kg) were fed to 540 grass carp (164.85 ± 0.79 g) for 60 d. After that, grass carp were challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila for 6 d. This study revealed that lysine deficiency (1) suppressed the growth performance of the fish and decreased their ability to resist skin lesion morbidity, (2) impaired the immune organ's immune response by decreasing the gene expressions of mucin, liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide (LEAP)-2B, β-defensin-1 and LEAP-2A and the production of antibacterial compounds of grown-up grass carp, and (3) aggravated the inflammatory response of immune organs in the fish by increasing the gene expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interferon γ2 [IFN-γ2], tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α], interleukin [IL]-15, IL-17D, IL-12p40, IL-6 and IL-8) and down-regulating anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-11, transforming growth factor β1 [TGF-β1], IL-10 and IL-4/13A), which were tightly correlated with signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 and STAT3 signaling pathway, respectively. The different phenomenon in the skin, spleen and head kidney of fish may be correlated with the difference in gene subtype. In addition, using quadratic regression analysis of percent weight gain (PWG), skin lesion morbidity, and the lysozyme activities in the spleen and head kidney, the dietary lysine requirements for grown-up grass carp were estimated to be 13.58, 13.51, 14.56 and 14.18 g/kg, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T02:57:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4ad72f5cf9ce4097a4a3dc158428bc54 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-6545 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T02:57:43Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animal Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj.art-4ad72f5cf9ce4097a4a3dc158428bc542022-12-21T20:38:18ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Animal Nutrition2405-65452021-06-0172556568Lysine deficiency impaired growth performance and immune response and aggravated inflammatory response of the skin, spleen and head kidney in grown-up grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)Yangyang Hu0Lin Feng1Weidan Jiang2Pei Wu3Yang Liu4Shengyao Kuang5Ling Tang6Xiaoqiu Zhou7Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaAnimal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production, University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, ChinaAnimal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production, University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, ChinaAnimal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production, University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, ChinaAnimal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production, University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, ChinaAnimal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, ChinaAnimal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, ChinaAnimal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production, University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, China; Corresponding author.This dissertation was primarily focused on the immune response, inflammatory response and molecular mechanisms in the skin, head kidney and spleen of grown-up grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Six iso-nitrogen diets differing in lysine concentrations (5.6, 8.5, 11.6, 14.4, 17.5 and 20.7 g/kg) were fed to 540 grass carp (164.85 ± 0.79 g) for 60 d. After that, grass carp were challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila for 6 d. This study revealed that lysine deficiency (1) suppressed the growth performance of the fish and decreased their ability to resist skin lesion morbidity, (2) impaired the immune organ's immune response by decreasing the gene expressions of mucin, liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide (LEAP)-2B, β-defensin-1 and LEAP-2A and the production of antibacterial compounds of grown-up grass carp, and (3) aggravated the inflammatory response of immune organs in the fish by increasing the gene expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interferon γ2 [IFN-γ2], tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α], interleukin [IL]-15, IL-17D, IL-12p40, IL-6 and IL-8) and down-regulating anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-11, transforming growth factor β1 [TGF-β1], IL-10 and IL-4/13A), which were tightly correlated with signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 and STAT3 signaling pathway, respectively. The different phenomenon in the skin, spleen and head kidney of fish may be correlated with the difference in gene subtype. In addition, using quadratic regression analysis of percent weight gain (PWG), skin lesion morbidity, and the lysozyme activities in the spleen and head kidney, the dietary lysine requirements for grown-up grass carp were estimated to be 13.58, 13.51, 14.56 and 14.18 g/kg, respectively.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654521000342Lysine deficiencyGrass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)Immune functionHead kidneySpleenSkin |
| spellingShingle | Yangyang Hu Lin Feng Weidan Jiang Pei Wu Yang Liu Shengyao Kuang Ling Tang Xiaoqiu Zhou Lysine deficiency impaired growth performance and immune response and aggravated inflammatory response of the skin, spleen and head kidney in grown-up grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Animal Nutrition Lysine deficiency Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Immune function Head kidney Spleen Skin |
| title | Lysine deficiency impaired growth performance and immune response and aggravated inflammatory response of the skin, spleen and head kidney in grown-up grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) |
| title_full | Lysine deficiency impaired growth performance and immune response and aggravated inflammatory response of the skin, spleen and head kidney in grown-up grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) |
| title_fullStr | Lysine deficiency impaired growth performance and immune response and aggravated inflammatory response of the skin, spleen and head kidney in grown-up grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lysine deficiency impaired growth performance and immune response and aggravated inflammatory response of the skin, spleen and head kidney in grown-up grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) |
| title_short | Lysine deficiency impaired growth performance and immune response and aggravated inflammatory response of the skin, spleen and head kidney in grown-up grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) |
| title_sort | lysine deficiency impaired growth performance and immune response and aggravated inflammatory response of the skin spleen and head kidney in grown up grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella |
| topic | Lysine deficiency Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Immune function Head kidney Spleen Skin |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654521000342 |
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