One-step Synthesis to Enhance the Acidity of a Biocarbon-based Sulfonated Solid Acid Catalyst
The main purpose of this study is to produce and generate a solid acid catalyst from biomass with high reactivity that can be used in catalytical reactions such as hydrolysis, and is environmentally friendly and reusable. A biocarbon-based sulfonated catalyst was prepared by the carbonization of...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Universitas Indonesia
2019-05-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Technology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://ijtech.eng.ui.ac.id/article/view/2924 |
| Summary: | The main purpose of this study is to
produce and generate a solid acid catalyst from biomass with high reactivity
that can be used in catalytical reactions such as hydrolysis, and is
environmentally friendly and reusable. A biocarbon-based sulfonated catalyst was prepared by
the carbonization of palm empty fruit bunches (PEFB), followed by sulfonation.
In order to enhance the acidity of the biocarbon, different concentrations of
hydroxyethylsulfonic acid were added to the solution during sulfonation at 180o
C for 4 h in a Teflon stainless steel autoclave. The H+ ion
capacity of the biocarbon-sulfonated acid catalyst (BSC) was increased twofold
(3.57 mmol/g) in the presence of 10% of hydroxyethylsulfonic acid and 10% of
acrylic acid. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis showed that the BC-SO3H
contained 38% of S. The original structure of the PEFB after carbonization
disintegrated from the fibrous materials onto porous carbon. The crystalline
index (CrI) of the PEFB significantly decreased to about 32% and a wide broad
peak of a X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern of around 20-30o were observed, which shows that an amorphous biocarbon
structure had been identified. Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) analysis
confirmed that the -SO3H, COOH and -OH functional groups were
deposited on the carbon due to specific peaks at around 1180 cm-1,
1724 cm-1 and 3431 cm-1, respectively. Decomposition of the
sulfonic groups on the biocarbon-sulfonated solid catalyst was observed from
227.9o C, as it shown by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). |
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| ISSN: | 2086-9614 2087-2100 |