Macrophage-compatible magnetic achiral nanorobots fabricated by electron beam lithography
Abstract With the development and progress of nanotechnology, the prospect of using nanorobots to achieve targeted drug delivery is becoming possible. Although nanorobots can potentially improve nano-drug delivery systems, there remains a significant challenge to fabricating magnetically controllabl...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17053-x |
| _version_ | 1828430299022753792 |
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| author | Teng Jiang Xiaoxia Song Xueliang Mu U. Kei Cheang |
| author_facet | Teng Jiang Xiaoxia Song Xueliang Mu U. Kei Cheang |
| author_sort | Teng Jiang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract With the development and progress of nanotechnology, the prospect of using nanorobots to achieve targeted drug delivery is becoming possible. Although nanorobots can potentially improve nano-drug delivery systems, there remains a significant challenge to fabricating magnetically controllable nanorobots with a size suitable for drug delivery in complex in vivo environments. Most of the current research focused on the preparation and functionalization of microscale and milliscale robots due to the relative difficulties in fabricating nanoscale robots. To address this problem and move towards in vivo applications, this study uses electron beam lithography to fabricate achiral planar L-shaped nanorobots that are biocompatible with immune cells. Their minimal planar geometry enabled nanolithography to fabricate nanorobots with a minimum feature size down to 400 nm. Using an integrated imaging and control system, the locomotive behavior of the L-shaped nanorobots in a fluidic environment was studied by examining their velocity profiles and trajectories. Furthermore, the nanorobots exhibit excellent cell compatibility with various types of cells, including macrophage cells. Finally, the long-term cell culture medium immersion test demonstrated that the L-shaped nanorobots have robust stability. This work will demonstrate the potential to use these nanorobots to operate in vivo without triggering immune cell responses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T17:46:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4adb37d58fb14f2481243b894aa4dd1b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T17:46:40Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-4adb37d58fb14f2481243b894aa4dd1b2022-12-22T01:39:13ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222022-07-011211810.1038/s41598-022-17053-xMacrophage-compatible magnetic achiral nanorobots fabricated by electron beam lithographyTeng Jiang0Xiaoxia Song1Xueliang Mu2U. Kei Cheang3Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of CalgaryDepartment of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and TechnologyAbstract With the development and progress of nanotechnology, the prospect of using nanorobots to achieve targeted drug delivery is becoming possible. Although nanorobots can potentially improve nano-drug delivery systems, there remains a significant challenge to fabricating magnetically controllable nanorobots with a size suitable for drug delivery in complex in vivo environments. Most of the current research focused on the preparation and functionalization of microscale and milliscale robots due to the relative difficulties in fabricating nanoscale robots. To address this problem and move towards in vivo applications, this study uses electron beam lithography to fabricate achiral planar L-shaped nanorobots that are biocompatible with immune cells. Their minimal planar geometry enabled nanolithography to fabricate nanorobots with a minimum feature size down to 400 nm. Using an integrated imaging and control system, the locomotive behavior of the L-shaped nanorobots in a fluidic environment was studied by examining their velocity profiles and trajectories. Furthermore, the nanorobots exhibit excellent cell compatibility with various types of cells, including macrophage cells. Finally, the long-term cell culture medium immersion test demonstrated that the L-shaped nanorobots have robust stability. This work will demonstrate the potential to use these nanorobots to operate in vivo without triggering immune cell responses.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17053-x |
| spellingShingle | Teng Jiang Xiaoxia Song Xueliang Mu U. Kei Cheang Macrophage-compatible magnetic achiral nanorobots fabricated by electron beam lithography Scientific Reports |
| title | Macrophage-compatible magnetic achiral nanorobots fabricated by electron beam lithography |
| title_full | Macrophage-compatible magnetic achiral nanorobots fabricated by electron beam lithography |
| title_fullStr | Macrophage-compatible magnetic achiral nanorobots fabricated by electron beam lithography |
| title_full_unstemmed | Macrophage-compatible magnetic achiral nanorobots fabricated by electron beam lithography |
| title_short | Macrophage-compatible magnetic achiral nanorobots fabricated by electron beam lithography |
| title_sort | macrophage compatible magnetic achiral nanorobots fabricated by electron beam lithography |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17053-x |
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