Divergent Accumulation of Microbial Residues and Amino Sugars in Loess Soil after Six Years of Different Inorganic Nitrogen Enrichment Scenarios
Amino sugars are key microbial biomarkers for determining the contribution of microbial residues in soil organic matter (SOM). However, it remains largely unclear as to what extent inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilization can lead to the significant degradation of SOM in alkaline agricultural soils. A s...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-06-01
|
| Series: | Applied Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/13/5788 |
| _version_ | 1797529211008712704 |
|---|---|
| author | Dominic Kwadwo Anning Zhilong Li Huizhen Qiu Delei Deng Chunhong Zhang Philip Ghanney Qirong Shen |
| author_facet | Dominic Kwadwo Anning Zhilong Li Huizhen Qiu Delei Deng Chunhong Zhang Philip Ghanney Qirong Shen |
| author_sort | Dominic Kwadwo Anning |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Amino sugars are key microbial biomarkers for determining the contribution of microbial residues in soil organic matter (SOM). However, it remains largely unclear as to what extent inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilization can lead to the significant degradation of SOM in alkaline agricultural soils. A six-year field experiment was conducted from 2013 to 2018 to evaluate the effects of chronic N enrichment on microbial residues, amino sugars, and soil biochemical properties under four nitrogen (urea, 46% N) fertilization scenarios: 0 (no-N, control), 75 (low-N), 225 (medium-N), and 375 (high-N) kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>. The results showed that chronic N enrichment stimulated microbial residues and amino sugar accumulation over time. The medium-N treatment increased the concentration of muramic acid (15.77%), glucosamine (13.55%), galactosamine (18.84%), bacterial residues (16.88%), fungal residues (11.31%), and total microbial residues (12.57%) compared to the control in 2018; however, these concentrations were comparable to the high-N treatment concentrations. The ratio of glucosamine to galactosamine and of glucosamine to muramic acid decreased over time due to a larger increase in bacterial residues as compared to fungal residues. Microbial biomass, soil organic carbon, and aboveground plant biomass positively correlated with microbial residues and amino sugar components. Chronic N enrichment improved the soil biochemical properties and aboveground plant biomass, which stimulated microbial residues and amino sugar accumulation over time. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:10:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4aea6c149ea8477483bd710121e1aafb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:10:31Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-4aea6c149ea8477483bd710121e1aafb2023-11-22T01:12:20ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-06-011113578810.3390/app11135788Divergent Accumulation of Microbial Residues and Amino Sugars in Loess Soil after Six Years of Different Inorganic Nitrogen Enrichment ScenariosDominic Kwadwo Anning0Zhilong Li1Huizhen Qiu2Delei Deng3Chunhong Zhang4Philip Ghanney5Qirong Shen6College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaAmino sugars are key microbial biomarkers for determining the contribution of microbial residues in soil organic matter (SOM). However, it remains largely unclear as to what extent inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilization can lead to the significant degradation of SOM in alkaline agricultural soils. A six-year field experiment was conducted from 2013 to 2018 to evaluate the effects of chronic N enrichment on microbial residues, amino sugars, and soil biochemical properties under four nitrogen (urea, 46% N) fertilization scenarios: 0 (no-N, control), 75 (low-N), 225 (medium-N), and 375 (high-N) kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>. The results showed that chronic N enrichment stimulated microbial residues and amino sugar accumulation over time. The medium-N treatment increased the concentration of muramic acid (15.77%), glucosamine (13.55%), galactosamine (18.84%), bacterial residues (16.88%), fungal residues (11.31%), and total microbial residues (12.57%) compared to the control in 2018; however, these concentrations were comparable to the high-N treatment concentrations. The ratio of glucosamine to galactosamine and of glucosamine to muramic acid decreased over time due to a larger increase in bacterial residues as compared to fungal residues. Microbial biomass, soil organic carbon, and aboveground plant biomass positively correlated with microbial residues and amino sugar components. Chronic N enrichment improved the soil biochemical properties and aboveground plant biomass, which stimulated microbial residues and amino sugar accumulation over time.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/13/5788aboveground plant biomassgalactosamineglucosaminemicrobial residuesmuramic acidsoil organic carbon |
| spellingShingle | Dominic Kwadwo Anning Zhilong Li Huizhen Qiu Delei Deng Chunhong Zhang Philip Ghanney Qirong Shen Divergent Accumulation of Microbial Residues and Amino Sugars in Loess Soil after Six Years of Different Inorganic Nitrogen Enrichment Scenarios Applied Sciences aboveground plant biomass galactosamine glucosamine microbial residues muramic acid soil organic carbon |
| title | Divergent Accumulation of Microbial Residues and Amino Sugars in Loess Soil after Six Years of Different Inorganic Nitrogen Enrichment Scenarios |
| title_full | Divergent Accumulation of Microbial Residues and Amino Sugars in Loess Soil after Six Years of Different Inorganic Nitrogen Enrichment Scenarios |
| title_fullStr | Divergent Accumulation of Microbial Residues and Amino Sugars in Loess Soil after Six Years of Different Inorganic Nitrogen Enrichment Scenarios |
| title_full_unstemmed | Divergent Accumulation of Microbial Residues and Amino Sugars in Loess Soil after Six Years of Different Inorganic Nitrogen Enrichment Scenarios |
| title_short | Divergent Accumulation of Microbial Residues and Amino Sugars in Loess Soil after Six Years of Different Inorganic Nitrogen Enrichment Scenarios |
| title_sort | divergent accumulation of microbial residues and amino sugars in loess soil after six years of different inorganic nitrogen enrichment scenarios |
| topic | aboveground plant biomass galactosamine glucosamine microbial residues muramic acid soil organic carbon |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/13/5788 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dominickwadwoanning divergentaccumulationofmicrobialresiduesandaminosugarsinloesssoilaftersixyearsofdifferentinorganicnitrogenenrichmentscenarios AT zhilongli divergentaccumulationofmicrobialresiduesandaminosugarsinloesssoilaftersixyearsofdifferentinorganicnitrogenenrichmentscenarios AT huizhenqiu divergentaccumulationofmicrobialresiduesandaminosugarsinloesssoilaftersixyearsofdifferentinorganicnitrogenenrichmentscenarios AT deleideng divergentaccumulationofmicrobialresiduesandaminosugarsinloesssoilaftersixyearsofdifferentinorganicnitrogenenrichmentscenarios AT chunhongzhang divergentaccumulationofmicrobialresiduesandaminosugarsinloesssoilaftersixyearsofdifferentinorganicnitrogenenrichmentscenarios AT philipghanney divergentaccumulationofmicrobialresiduesandaminosugarsinloesssoilaftersixyearsofdifferentinorganicnitrogenenrichmentscenarios AT qirongshen divergentaccumulationofmicrobialresiduesandaminosugarsinloesssoilaftersixyearsofdifferentinorganicnitrogenenrichmentscenarios |