Adiponectin increases secretion of rat submandibular gland via adiponectin receptors-mediated AMPK signaling.
Adiponectin and adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1/2) are expressed in various tissues and are involved in the regulation of multiple functions such as energy metabolism and inflammatory responses. However, the effect of adiponectin and AdipoRs in submandibular glands has not been fully evaluated. In th...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2013-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3646765?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1819237029181915136 |
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| author | Chong Ding Li Li Yun-Chao Su Ruo-Lan Xiang Xin Cong Hong-Kui Yu Sheng-Lin Li Li-Ling Wu Guang-Yan Yu |
| author_facet | Chong Ding Li Li Yun-Chao Su Ruo-Lan Xiang Xin Cong Hong-Kui Yu Sheng-Lin Li Li-Ling Wu Guang-Yan Yu |
| author_sort | Chong Ding |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Adiponectin and adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1/2) are expressed in various tissues and are involved in the regulation of multiple functions such as energy metabolism and inflammatory responses. However, the effect of adiponectin and AdipoRs in submandibular glands has not been fully evaluated. In the present study, we found that mRNA and protein of both adiponectin and AdipoR1/2 were expressed in rat submandibular glands and in the SMG-C6 cell line, as evidenced by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Immunofluorescence staining showed that adiponectin was diffused in the cytoplasm, while AdipoR1/2 was concentrated in the membrane of acinar cells. Saliva flow was significantly increased by full length adiponectin (fAd) or globular adiponectin (gAd) perfusion in isolated rat submandibular glands. 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, also increased saliva secretion. fAd, gAd, and AICAR all increased the average width of apical tight junctions in perfused submandibular glands, and decreased transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) in SMG-C6 cells, suggesting that adiponectin promoted secretion by modulating paracellular permeability. fAd and gAd increased p-AMPK levels, while AraA, an AMPK antagonist, abolished fAd- and gAd-induced changes in secretion, tight junction ultrastructure, and TER. Moreover, both AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 were required for fAd- or gAd-induced p-AMPK and TER responses, suggesting from their inhibition following AdipoR1 or AdipoR2 knockdown, and co-knockdown of AdipoRs by RNA interference. Our results suggest that adiponectin functions as a promoter of salivary secretion in rat submandibular glands via activation of AdipoRs, AMPK, and paracellular permeability. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T13:13:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4af1f5e8ba514e368fad1b99db75a9b1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T13:13:50Z |
| publishDate | 2013-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-4af1f5e8ba514e368fad1b99db75a9b12022-12-21T17:45:39ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032013-01-0185e6387810.1371/journal.pone.0063878Adiponectin increases secretion of rat submandibular gland via adiponectin receptors-mediated AMPK signaling.Chong DingLi LiYun-Chao SuRuo-Lan XiangXin CongHong-Kui YuSheng-Lin LiLi-Ling WuGuang-Yan YuAdiponectin and adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1/2) are expressed in various tissues and are involved in the regulation of multiple functions such as energy metabolism and inflammatory responses. However, the effect of adiponectin and AdipoRs in submandibular glands has not been fully evaluated. In the present study, we found that mRNA and protein of both adiponectin and AdipoR1/2 were expressed in rat submandibular glands and in the SMG-C6 cell line, as evidenced by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Immunofluorescence staining showed that adiponectin was diffused in the cytoplasm, while AdipoR1/2 was concentrated in the membrane of acinar cells. Saliva flow was significantly increased by full length adiponectin (fAd) or globular adiponectin (gAd) perfusion in isolated rat submandibular glands. 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, also increased saliva secretion. fAd, gAd, and AICAR all increased the average width of apical tight junctions in perfused submandibular glands, and decreased transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) in SMG-C6 cells, suggesting that adiponectin promoted secretion by modulating paracellular permeability. fAd and gAd increased p-AMPK levels, while AraA, an AMPK antagonist, abolished fAd- and gAd-induced changes in secretion, tight junction ultrastructure, and TER. Moreover, both AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 were required for fAd- or gAd-induced p-AMPK and TER responses, suggesting from their inhibition following AdipoR1 or AdipoR2 knockdown, and co-knockdown of AdipoRs by RNA interference. Our results suggest that adiponectin functions as a promoter of salivary secretion in rat submandibular glands via activation of AdipoRs, AMPK, and paracellular permeability.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3646765?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Chong Ding Li Li Yun-Chao Su Ruo-Lan Xiang Xin Cong Hong-Kui Yu Sheng-Lin Li Li-Ling Wu Guang-Yan Yu Adiponectin increases secretion of rat submandibular gland via adiponectin receptors-mediated AMPK signaling. PLoS ONE |
| title | Adiponectin increases secretion of rat submandibular gland via adiponectin receptors-mediated AMPK signaling. |
| title_full | Adiponectin increases secretion of rat submandibular gland via adiponectin receptors-mediated AMPK signaling. |
| title_fullStr | Adiponectin increases secretion of rat submandibular gland via adiponectin receptors-mediated AMPK signaling. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adiponectin increases secretion of rat submandibular gland via adiponectin receptors-mediated AMPK signaling. |
| title_short | Adiponectin increases secretion of rat submandibular gland via adiponectin receptors-mediated AMPK signaling. |
| title_sort | adiponectin increases secretion of rat submandibular gland via adiponectin receptors mediated ampk signaling |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3646765?pdf=render |
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