Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Response Validation in Calves after a Live Attenuated Vaccine of <i>Babesia bigemina</i>
The current vaccines to control bovine <i>Babesia bigemina</i> (<i>B. bigemina</i>) infection are not fully protective and vaccination failures incur heavy losses to the cattle industry around the world. Using modified micro-aerophilous stationary phase, we developed a cultur...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/11/936 |
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| author | Umber Rauf Muhammad Suleman Asadullah Abid Hamna Jamil Harish Menghwar Aneela Zameer Durrani Muhammad Imran Rashid Haroon Akbar |
| author_facet | Umber Rauf Muhammad Suleman Asadullah Abid Hamna Jamil Harish Menghwar Aneela Zameer Durrani Muhammad Imran Rashid Haroon Akbar |
| author_sort | Umber Rauf |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The current vaccines to control bovine <i>Babesia bigemina</i> (<i>B. bigemina</i>) infection are not fully protective and vaccination failures incur heavy losses to the cattle industry around the world. Using modified micro-aerophilous stationary phase, we developed a culture-derived attenuated live vaccine against <i>B. bigemina</i> and tested a single subcutaneous inoculation of 2 × 10<sup>8</sup> infected erythrocytes in calves. The protection was measured after a lethal intravenous challenge with 5 × 10<sup>8</sup> virulent calf-derived <i>B. bigemina</i>. Our results demonstrated that a single shot of attenuated vaccine was capable of inducing robust humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in calves. We found a significant increase in the IgG antibody titers post-challenge and a strong proliferation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells contributing towards the protection. Our vaccine provided complete protection and parasitic clearance, which was followed for more than 100 days post-challenge. This immunity against babesiosis was directly linked to strong humoral responses; however, the parasitic clearance was attributed to significant T cells effector responses in vaccinated calves as compared to the infected control calves. We anticipate that these results will be helpful in the development of more efficient culture-derived vaccines against <i>Babesia</i> infections, thus reducing significant global economic losses to farmers and the cattle industry. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:55:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4af611ac91e94cff81bb7d846b6ed48b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:55:46Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-4af611ac91e94cff81bb7d846b6ed48b2023-11-20T20:35:13ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172020-11-0191193610.3390/pathogens9110936Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Response Validation in Calves after a Live Attenuated Vaccine of <i>Babesia bigemina</i>Umber Rauf0Muhammad Suleman1Asadullah Abid2Hamna Jamil3Harish Menghwar4Aneela Zameer Durrani5Muhammad Imran Rashid6Haroon Akbar7Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, PakistanUniversity Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, PakistanVaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, International Vaccine Center (VIDO-InterVac), Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, CanadaDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, PakistanThe current vaccines to control bovine <i>Babesia bigemina</i> (<i>B. bigemina</i>) infection are not fully protective and vaccination failures incur heavy losses to the cattle industry around the world. Using modified micro-aerophilous stationary phase, we developed a culture-derived attenuated live vaccine against <i>B. bigemina</i> and tested a single subcutaneous inoculation of 2 × 10<sup>8</sup> infected erythrocytes in calves. The protection was measured after a lethal intravenous challenge with 5 × 10<sup>8</sup> virulent calf-derived <i>B. bigemina</i>. Our results demonstrated that a single shot of attenuated vaccine was capable of inducing robust humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in calves. We found a significant increase in the IgG antibody titers post-challenge and a strong proliferation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells contributing towards the protection. Our vaccine provided complete protection and parasitic clearance, which was followed for more than 100 days post-challenge. This immunity against babesiosis was directly linked to strong humoral responses; however, the parasitic clearance was attributed to significant T cells effector responses in vaccinated calves as compared to the infected control calves. We anticipate that these results will be helpful in the development of more efficient culture-derived vaccines against <i>Babesia</i> infections, thus reducing significant global economic losses to farmers and the cattle industry.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/11/936<i>Babesia bigemina</i>attenuated vaccinehumoral immunitycell-medicated immunityCD4+ T cellsCD8+ T cells |
| spellingShingle | Umber Rauf Muhammad Suleman Asadullah Abid Hamna Jamil Harish Menghwar Aneela Zameer Durrani Muhammad Imran Rashid Haroon Akbar Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Response Validation in Calves after a Live Attenuated Vaccine of <i>Babesia bigemina</i> Pathogens <i>Babesia bigemina</i> attenuated vaccine humoral immunity cell-medicated immunity CD4+ T cells CD8+ T cells |
| title | Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Response Validation in Calves after a Live Attenuated Vaccine of <i>Babesia bigemina</i> |
| title_full | Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Response Validation in Calves after a Live Attenuated Vaccine of <i>Babesia bigemina</i> |
| title_fullStr | Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Response Validation in Calves after a Live Attenuated Vaccine of <i>Babesia bigemina</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Response Validation in Calves after a Live Attenuated Vaccine of <i>Babesia bigemina</i> |
| title_short | Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Response Validation in Calves after a Live Attenuated Vaccine of <i>Babesia bigemina</i> |
| title_sort | humoral and cell mediated immune response validation in calves after a live attenuated vaccine of i babesia bigemina i |
| topic | <i>Babesia bigemina</i> attenuated vaccine humoral immunity cell-medicated immunity CD4+ T cells CD8+ T cells |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/11/936 |
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