Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
Respiratory virus infection is one of the major sources of exacerbation of chronic airway inflammatory diseases. These exacerbations are associated with high morbidity and even mortality worldwide. The current understanding on viral-induced exacerbations is that viral infection increases airway infl...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcell.2020.00099/full |
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| author | Kai Sen Tan Rachel Liyu Lim Jing Liu Hsiao Hui Ong Vivian Jiayi Tan Hui Fang Lim Hui Fang Lim Kian Fan Chung Ian M. Adcock Vincent T. Chow De Yun Wang |
| author_facet | Kai Sen Tan Rachel Liyu Lim Jing Liu Hsiao Hui Ong Vivian Jiayi Tan Hui Fang Lim Hui Fang Lim Kian Fan Chung Ian M. Adcock Vincent T. Chow De Yun Wang |
| author_sort | Kai Sen Tan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Respiratory virus infection is one of the major sources of exacerbation of chronic airway inflammatory diseases. These exacerbations are associated with high morbidity and even mortality worldwide. The current understanding on viral-induced exacerbations is that viral infection increases airway inflammation which aggravates disease symptoms. Recent advances in in vitro air-liquid interface 3D cultures, organoid cultures and the use of novel human and animal challenge models have evoked new understandings as to the mechanisms of viral exacerbations. In this review, we will focus on recent novel findings that elucidate how respiratory viral infections alter the epithelial barrier in the airways, the upper airway microbial environment, epigenetic modifications including miRNA modulation, and other changes in immune responses throughout the upper and lower airways. First, we reviewed the prevalence of different respiratory viral infections in causing exacerbations in chronic airway inflammatory diseases. Subsequently we also summarized how recent models have expanded our appreciation of the mechanisms of viral-induced exacerbations. Further we highlighted the importance of the virome within the airway microbiome environment and its impact on subsequent bacterial infection. This review consolidates the understanding of viral induced exacerbation in chronic airway inflammatory diseases and indicates pathways that may be targeted for more effective management of chronic inflammatory diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T19:56:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4afe1dc8c4c349b1b41f8813f24a8eab |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-634X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T19:56:10Z |
| publishDate | 2020-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-4afe1dc8c4c349b1b41f8813f24a8eab2022-12-22T00:13:51ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2020-02-01810.3389/fcell.2020.00099512367Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway EpitheliumKai Sen Tan0Rachel Liyu Lim1Jing Liu2Hsiao Hui Ong3Vivian Jiayi Tan4Hui Fang Lim5Hui Fang Lim6Kian Fan Chung7Ian M. Adcock8Vincent T. Chow9De Yun Wang10Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, SingaporeInfectious Disease Research and Training Office, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, SingaporeDepartment of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, SingaporeDepartment of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, SingaporeDepartment of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, SingaporeDivision of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, SingaporeDepartment of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, SingaporeAirway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United KingdomAirway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United KingdomDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, SingaporeDepartment of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, SingaporeRespiratory virus infection is one of the major sources of exacerbation of chronic airway inflammatory diseases. These exacerbations are associated with high morbidity and even mortality worldwide. The current understanding on viral-induced exacerbations is that viral infection increases airway inflammation which aggravates disease symptoms. Recent advances in in vitro air-liquid interface 3D cultures, organoid cultures and the use of novel human and animal challenge models have evoked new understandings as to the mechanisms of viral exacerbations. In this review, we will focus on recent novel findings that elucidate how respiratory viral infections alter the epithelial barrier in the airways, the upper airway microbial environment, epigenetic modifications including miRNA modulation, and other changes in immune responses throughout the upper and lower airways. First, we reviewed the prevalence of different respiratory viral infections in causing exacerbations in chronic airway inflammatory diseases. Subsequently we also summarized how recent models have expanded our appreciation of the mechanisms of viral-induced exacerbations. Further we highlighted the importance of the virome within the airway microbiome environment and its impact on subsequent bacterial infection. This review consolidates the understanding of viral induced exacerbation in chronic airway inflammatory diseases and indicates pathways that may be targeted for more effective management of chronic inflammatory diseases.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcell.2020.00099/fullchronic airway inflammatory diseasesrespiratory virusacute exacerbationupper airwayepithelium |
| spellingShingle | Kai Sen Tan Rachel Liyu Lim Jing Liu Hsiao Hui Ong Vivian Jiayi Tan Hui Fang Lim Hui Fang Lim Kian Fan Chung Ian M. Adcock Vincent T. Chow De Yun Wang Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology chronic airway inflammatory diseases respiratory virus acute exacerbation upper airway epithelium |
| title | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium |
| title_full | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium |
| title_fullStr | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium |
| title_full_unstemmed | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium |
| title_short | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium |
| title_sort | respiratory viral infections in exacerbation of chronic airway inflammatory diseases novel mechanisms and insights from the upper airway epithelium |
| topic | chronic airway inflammatory diseases respiratory virus acute exacerbation upper airway epithelium |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcell.2020.00099/full |
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