A Carrier-Based Gardner Timing Synchronization Algorithm for BPSK Signal in Maritime Communication

A Carrier-Based Gardner Timing Synchronization Algorithm for BPSK Signal in Maritime Communication

Wireless communication at sea is an essential way to establish a smart ocean. In the communication system, however, signals are affected by the carrier frequency offset (CFO), which results from the Doppler effect and crystal frequency offset. The offset deteriorates the demodulation performance of...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Fengzhong Qu, Zhengchao Li, Minhao Zhang, Xingbin Tu, Yan Wei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-04-01
Series:Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Subjects:
Doppler
Gardner algorithm
carrier
maritime wireless communication
medium wave
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/4/829

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