A twilight for the complete nitrogen removal via synergistic partial-denitrification, anammox, and DNRA process
Abstract The prolonged start-up time and low total nitrogen removal of anammox hinder its full-scale application. Herein, application of nano-zerovalent iron and low strength magnetic field in sole and in combination to abbreviate the start-up period and long-term process stability of anammox was ca...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2021-06-01
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| Series: | npj Clean Water |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-021-00122-5 |
| _version_ | 1818570624071630848 |
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| author | Hafiz Adeel Ahmad Beibei Guo Xuming Zhuang Yiyi Zhao Shakeel Ahmad Taeho Lee Jiegao Zhu Yuliang Dong Shou-Qing Ni |
| author_facet | Hafiz Adeel Ahmad Beibei Guo Xuming Zhuang Yiyi Zhao Shakeel Ahmad Taeho Lee Jiegao Zhu Yuliang Dong Shou-Qing Ni |
| author_sort | Hafiz Adeel Ahmad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The prolonged start-up time and low total nitrogen removal of anammox hinder its full-scale application. Herein, application of nano-zerovalent iron and low strength magnetic field in sole and in combination to abbreviate the start-up period and long-term process stability of anammox was carried out. The reactor’s anammox start-up with the only magnetic field (R3) was 34 days, saving 43.3% time compared with the control. The increase of nitrogen removal efficiency over the control was 43.7% during the start-up period. However, the reactor with the coupled treatment of nano-zerovalent iron and magnetic field (R4) was more stable with higher nitrogen removal efficiency (80%) at high nitrogen loading (5.28 kg/m3/d). Anammox gene copy number in R4 was highest after 180 days of culture, followed by nano-zerovalent iron (R2) and R3 reactor. The functional genes of denitrifying bacteria (nirK and nirS) were also identified in all reactors with higher copy numbers in R2, followed by R4 and R3. Furthermore, high throughput analysis showed that the Thauera performing partial denitrification, Ignavibacterium performing dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium or nitrite were also present in all reactors, more abundant in R4, confirming that the higher nitrogen removal efficiency in R4 was attributed to the synergistic relationship of other nitrogenous genera with anammox. The higher abundance of PD and DNRA in the reactor with the coupled treatment of nano-zero valent iron and magnetic field, achieved in this research, opens the opportunity of complete nitrogen removal via synergistic partial-denitrification, anammox, and DNRA (SPDAD) process. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T13:44:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4b0b33b72acc47459e9e947a3da53b82 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2059-7037 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T13:44:24Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | npj Clean Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-4b0b33b72acc47459e9e947a3da53b822022-12-21T22:59:21ZengNature Portfolionpj Clean Water2059-70372021-06-014111110.1038/s41545-021-00122-5A twilight for the complete nitrogen removal via synergistic partial-denitrification, anammox, and DNRA processHafiz Adeel Ahmad0Beibei Guo1Xuming Zhuang2Yiyi Zhao3Shakeel Ahmad4Taeho Lee5Jiegao Zhu6Yuliang Dong7Shou-Qing Ni8Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource ReuseShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource ReuseCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai UniversitySchool of Environmental Science and Engineering & Suzhou Research Institute & Shenzhen Research Institute, Shandong UniversityDepartment of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of AgricultureDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National UniversityShandong Pacific Environmental Protection Co., Ltd.Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource ReuseShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource ReuseAbstract The prolonged start-up time and low total nitrogen removal of anammox hinder its full-scale application. Herein, application of nano-zerovalent iron and low strength magnetic field in sole and in combination to abbreviate the start-up period and long-term process stability of anammox was carried out. The reactor’s anammox start-up with the only magnetic field (R3) was 34 days, saving 43.3% time compared with the control. The increase of nitrogen removal efficiency over the control was 43.7% during the start-up period. However, the reactor with the coupled treatment of nano-zerovalent iron and magnetic field (R4) was more stable with higher nitrogen removal efficiency (80%) at high nitrogen loading (5.28 kg/m3/d). Anammox gene copy number in R4 was highest after 180 days of culture, followed by nano-zerovalent iron (R2) and R3 reactor. The functional genes of denitrifying bacteria (nirK and nirS) were also identified in all reactors with higher copy numbers in R2, followed by R4 and R3. Furthermore, high throughput analysis showed that the Thauera performing partial denitrification, Ignavibacterium performing dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium or nitrite were also present in all reactors, more abundant in R4, confirming that the higher nitrogen removal efficiency in R4 was attributed to the synergistic relationship of other nitrogenous genera with anammox. The higher abundance of PD and DNRA in the reactor with the coupled treatment of nano-zero valent iron and magnetic field, achieved in this research, opens the opportunity of complete nitrogen removal via synergistic partial-denitrification, anammox, and DNRA (SPDAD) process.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-021-00122-5 |
| spellingShingle | Hafiz Adeel Ahmad Beibei Guo Xuming Zhuang Yiyi Zhao Shakeel Ahmad Taeho Lee Jiegao Zhu Yuliang Dong Shou-Qing Ni A twilight for the complete nitrogen removal via synergistic partial-denitrification, anammox, and DNRA process npj Clean Water |
| title | A twilight for the complete nitrogen removal via synergistic partial-denitrification, anammox, and DNRA process |
| title_full | A twilight for the complete nitrogen removal via synergistic partial-denitrification, anammox, and DNRA process |
| title_fullStr | A twilight for the complete nitrogen removal via synergistic partial-denitrification, anammox, and DNRA process |
| title_full_unstemmed | A twilight for the complete nitrogen removal via synergistic partial-denitrification, anammox, and DNRA process |
| title_short | A twilight for the complete nitrogen removal via synergistic partial-denitrification, anammox, and DNRA process |
| title_sort | twilight for the complete nitrogen removal via synergistic partial denitrification anammox and dnra process |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-021-00122-5 |
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