A Survey of Trunk Disease Pathogens within Citrus Trees in Iran
Citrus trees with cankers and dieback symptoms were observed in Bushehr (Bushehr province, Iran). Isolations were made from diseased cankers and branches. Recovered fungal isolates were identified using cultural and morphological characteristics, as well as comparisons of DNA sequence data of the nu...
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/6/754 |
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| author | Nahid Espargham Hamid Mohammadi David Gramaje |
| author_facet | Nahid Espargham Hamid Mohammadi David Gramaje |
| author_sort | Nahid Espargham |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Citrus trees with cankers and dieback symptoms were observed in Bushehr (Bushehr province, Iran). Isolations were made from diseased cankers and branches. Recovered fungal isolates were identified using cultural and morphological characteristics, as well as comparisons of DNA sequence data of the nuclear ribosomal DNA-internal transcribed spacer region, translation elongation factor <i>1α</i>, β-tubulin, and actin gene regions. <i>Dothiorella</i> <i>viticola</i>, <i>Lasiodiplodia theobromae</i>, <i>Neoscytalidium</i> <i>hyalinum</i>, <i>Phaeoacremonium (P.) parasiticum</i>, <i>P. italicum</i>, <i>P. iranianum</i>, <i>P. rubrigenum</i>, <i>P. minimum</i>, <i>P. croatiense</i>, <i>P. fraxinopensylvanicum</i>, <i>Phaeoacremonium</i> sp., <i>Cadophora luteo-olivacea</i>, <i>Biscogniauxia</i> (<i>B</i>.) <i>mediterranea</i>, <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, C. boninense</i>, <i>Peyronellaea</i> (<i>Pa</i>.) <i>pinodella, Stilbocrea</i> (<i>S</i>.) <i>walteri</i>, and several isolates of <i>Phoma</i>, <i>Pestalotiopsis</i>, and <i>Fusarium</i> species were obtained from diseased trees. The pathogenicity tests were conducted by artificial inoculation of excised shoots of healthy acid lime trees (<i>Citrus aurantifolia</i>) under controlled conditions. <i>Lasiodiplodia theobromae</i> was the most virulent and caused the longest lesions within 40 days of inoculation. According to literature reviews, this is the first report of <i>L. theobromae</i> and <i>N. hyalinum</i> on citrus in Iran. Additionally, we report several <i>Phaeoacremonium</i> species, <i>S. walteri</i>, <i>Pa. pinodella</i> and <i>C. luteo-olivacea</i> on citrus trees for the first time in the world. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:09:03Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-4b0ddbf2d01f4516bb7074a426ae1a252023-11-20T03:56:07ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472020-06-019675410.3390/plants9060754A Survey of Trunk Disease Pathogens within Citrus Trees in IranNahid Espargham0Hamid Mohammadi1David Gramaje2Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 7616914111, IranDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 7616914111, IranInstituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de la Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, 26007 Logroño, SpainCitrus trees with cankers and dieback symptoms were observed in Bushehr (Bushehr province, Iran). Isolations were made from diseased cankers and branches. Recovered fungal isolates were identified using cultural and morphological characteristics, as well as comparisons of DNA sequence data of the nuclear ribosomal DNA-internal transcribed spacer region, translation elongation factor <i>1α</i>, β-tubulin, and actin gene regions. <i>Dothiorella</i> <i>viticola</i>, <i>Lasiodiplodia theobromae</i>, <i>Neoscytalidium</i> <i>hyalinum</i>, <i>Phaeoacremonium (P.) parasiticum</i>, <i>P. italicum</i>, <i>P. iranianum</i>, <i>P. rubrigenum</i>, <i>P. minimum</i>, <i>P. croatiense</i>, <i>P. fraxinopensylvanicum</i>, <i>Phaeoacremonium</i> sp., <i>Cadophora luteo-olivacea</i>, <i>Biscogniauxia</i> (<i>B</i>.) <i>mediterranea</i>, <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, C. boninense</i>, <i>Peyronellaea</i> (<i>Pa</i>.) <i>pinodella, Stilbocrea</i> (<i>S</i>.) <i>walteri</i>, and several isolates of <i>Phoma</i>, <i>Pestalotiopsis</i>, and <i>Fusarium</i> species were obtained from diseased trees. The pathogenicity tests were conducted by artificial inoculation of excised shoots of healthy acid lime trees (<i>Citrus aurantifolia</i>) under controlled conditions. <i>Lasiodiplodia theobromae</i> was the most virulent and caused the longest lesions within 40 days of inoculation. According to literature reviews, this is the first report of <i>L. theobromae</i> and <i>N. hyalinum</i> on citrus in Iran. Additionally, we report several <i>Phaeoacremonium</i> species, <i>S. walteri</i>, <i>Pa. pinodella</i> and <i>C. luteo-olivacea</i> on citrus trees for the first time in the world.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/6/754bscogniauxiabotryosphaeriaceaecadophoracitrus diebackcolletotrichumphaeoacremonium |
| spellingShingle | Nahid Espargham Hamid Mohammadi David Gramaje A Survey of Trunk Disease Pathogens within Citrus Trees in Iran Plants bscogniauxia botryosphaeriaceae cadophora citrus dieback colletotrichum phaeoacremonium |
| title | A Survey of Trunk Disease Pathogens within Citrus Trees in Iran |
| title_full | A Survey of Trunk Disease Pathogens within Citrus Trees in Iran |
| title_fullStr | A Survey of Trunk Disease Pathogens within Citrus Trees in Iran |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Survey of Trunk Disease Pathogens within Citrus Trees in Iran |
| title_short | A Survey of Trunk Disease Pathogens within Citrus Trees in Iran |
| title_sort | survey of trunk disease pathogens within citrus trees in iran |
| topic | bscogniauxia botryosphaeriaceae cadophora citrus dieback colletotrichum phaeoacremonium |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/6/754 |
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