The effects of heat stress on male reproduction and tillering in Sorghum bicolor
Abstract Due to global climate change, heat stress is increasingly harming the growth, development, overall biomass, and grain yield of numerous crops. Heat stress impairs pollen development and thus reduces seed set in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench; however, the effects of heat stress on anther devel...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Food and Energy Security |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.510 |
| _version_ | 1827632189204856832 |
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| author | Ashley Smith Benjamin R. Gentile Zhanguo Xin Dazhong Zhao |
| author_facet | Ashley Smith Benjamin R. Gentile Zhanguo Xin Dazhong Zhao |
| author_sort | Ashley Smith |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Due to global climate change, heat stress is increasingly harming the growth, development, overall biomass, and grain yield of numerous crops. Heat stress impairs pollen development and thus reduces seed set in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench; however, the effects of heat stress on anther development at specific stages and tiller formation remain incompletely understood. Here we report that exposure to heat stress [42°C/32°C (day/night)] at pollen mother cell (PMC) and booting stages profoundly disrupts tapetum and pollen development, resulting in a significant decrease in grain yield in sorghum. Sorghum plants subjected to 9 days or less of heat stress at the PMC stage exhibited normal pollen viability, but 12 days of heat stress caused almost complete loss of grain yield and the formation of nonviable pollen grains. Similarly, sorghum plants that were heat‐stressed for 3 days at the booting stage produced few seeds. Further analysis revealed that aberrant tapetum and pollen development contributed to the sterility of pollen in these heat‐stressed plants. Notably, in addition to inhibiting plant height, a 12‐day heat stress at the PMC stage promoted the formation of basal tillers, whereas a 3‐day heat stress at the booting stage stimulated the formation of apical tillers, which helped salvage seed yield under heat stress conditions. Moreover, the application of exogenous auxin promoted the formation of apical tillers and leaf numbers per apical tiller. Collectively, our findings suggest that sorghum is susceptible to heat stress during both early and late anther development, and auxin might be involved in governing the formation of apical tillers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:32:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4b0f19cb2ec34df4bd232cb63ee5e539 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2048-3694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:32:33Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Food and Energy Security |
| spelling | doaj.art-4b0f19cb2ec34df4bd232cb63ee5e5392023-11-27T21:01:46ZengWileyFood and Energy Security2048-36942023-11-01126n/an/a10.1002/fes3.510The effects of heat stress on male reproduction and tillering in Sorghum bicolorAshley Smith0Benjamin R. Gentile1Zhanguo Xin2Dazhong Zhao3Department of Biological Sciences University of Wisconsin‐Milwaukee Milwaukee Wisconsin USADepartment of Biological Sciences University of Wisconsin‐Milwaukee Milwaukee Wisconsin USAPlant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit, USDA‐ARS Lubbock Texas USADepartment of Biological Sciences University of Wisconsin‐Milwaukee Milwaukee Wisconsin USAAbstract Due to global climate change, heat stress is increasingly harming the growth, development, overall biomass, and grain yield of numerous crops. Heat stress impairs pollen development and thus reduces seed set in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench; however, the effects of heat stress on anther development at specific stages and tiller formation remain incompletely understood. Here we report that exposure to heat stress [42°C/32°C (day/night)] at pollen mother cell (PMC) and booting stages profoundly disrupts tapetum and pollen development, resulting in a significant decrease in grain yield in sorghum. Sorghum plants subjected to 9 days or less of heat stress at the PMC stage exhibited normal pollen viability, but 12 days of heat stress caused almost complete loss of grain yield and the formation of nonviable pollen grains. Similarly, sorghum plants that were heat‐stressed for 3 days at the booting stage produced few seeds. Further analysis revealed that aberrant tapetum and pollen development contributed to the sterility of pollen in these heat‐stressed plants. Notably, in addition to inhibiting plant height, a 12‐day heat stress at the PMC stage promoted the formation of basal tillers, whereas a 3‐day heat stress at the booting stage stimulated the formation of apical tillers, which helped salvage seed yield under heat stress conditions. Moreover, the application of exogenous auxin promoted the formation of apical tillers and leaf numbers per apical tiller. Collectively, our findings suggest that sorghum is susceptible to heat stress during both early and late anther development, and auxin might be involved in governing the formation of apical tillers.https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.510anther developmentgrain yieldheat stressmale sterilitypollen viabilitySorghum bicolor |
| spellingShingle | Ashley Smith Benjamin R. Gentile Zhanguo Xin Dazhong Zhao The effects of heat stress on male reproduction and tillering in Sorghum bicolor Food and Energy Security anther development grain yield heat stress male sterility pollen viability Sorghum bicolor |
| title | The effects of heat stress on male reproduction and tillering in Sorghum bicolor |
| title_full | The effects of heat stress on male reproduction and tillering in Sorghum bicolor |
| title_fullStr | The effects of heat stress on male reproduction and tillering in Sorghum bicolor |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effects of heat stress on male reproduction and tillering in Sorghum bicolor |
| title_short | The effects of heat stress on male reproduction and tillering in Sorghum bicolor |
| title_sort | effects of heat stress on male reproduction and tillering in sorghum bicolor |
| topic | anther development grain yield heat stress male sterility pollen viability Sorghum bicolor |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.510 |
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