Development of a Novel LC-MS/MS Multi-Method for the Determination of Regulated and Emerging Food Contaminants Including Tenuazonic Acid, a Chromatographically Challenging <i>Alternaria</i> Toxin
The regulation of food contaminants in the European Union (EU) is comprehensive, and there are several compounds in the register or being added to the recommendation list. Recently, European standard methods for analysis have also been issued. The quick analysis of different groups of analytes in on...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/3/1468 |
| _version_ | 1797623679646957568 |
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| author | Ádám Tölgyesi Attila Cseh Andrea Simon Virender K. Sharma |
| author_facet | Ádám Tölgyesi Attila Cseh Andrea Simon Virender K. Sharma |
| author_sort | Ádám Tölgyesi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The regulation of food contaminants in the European Union (EU) is comprehensive, and there are several compounds in the register or being added to the recommendation list. Recently, European standard methods for analysis have also been issued. The quick analysis of different groups of analytes in one sample requires a number of methods and the simultaneous use of various instruments. The aim of the present study was to develop a method that could analyze several groups of food contaminants: in this case, 266 pesticides, 12 mycotoxins, 14 alkaloid toxins, and 3 <i>Alternaria</i> toxins. The main advantage of the herein described approach over other methods is the simultaneous analysis of tenuazonic acid (TEA) and other relevant food contaminants. The developed method unites the newly published standard methods such as EN 15662:2018, EN 17194:2019, EN 17256:2019, EN 17425:2021, EN 17521:2021, which describes the analysis of both regulated and emerging contaminants. The developed method is based on a QuEChERS sample preparation, followed by LC-MS/MS analysis under alkaline mobile phase conditions. The pH of the aqueous eluent was set to 8.3, which resulted in baseline separation among ergot alkaloids and their corresponding epimers, a symmetric chromatographic peak shape for analyzing TEA and fit-for-purpose sensitivity for MS/MS detection in both positive and negative ionization modes. Those compounds, which possess the corresponding isotopically labeled internal standards (ISTD), allowed for direct quantification by the developed method and no further confirmation was necessary. This was proven by satisfactory analyses of a number of quality control (QC), proficiency test (PT), and validation samples. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:32:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4b36f4f29a1d4d4e9b0093cb43e38c3e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:32:16Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-4b36f4f29a1d4d4e9b0093cb43e38c3e2023-11-16T17:32:57ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-02-01283146810.3390/molecules28031468Development of a Novel LC-MS/MS Multi-Method for the Determination of Regulated and Emerging Food Contaminants Including Tenuazonic Acid, a Chromatographically Challenging <i>Alternaria</i> ToxinÁdám Tölgyesi0Attila Cseh1Andrea Simon2Virender K. Sharma3Mertcontrol Hungary Ltd., 2144 Kerepes, HungaryMertcontrol Hungary Ltd., 2144 Kerepes, HungaryMertcontrol Hungary Ltd., 2144 Kerepes, HungaryProgram for the Environment and Sustainability, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, 1266 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USAThe regulation of food contaminants in the European Union (EU) is comprehensive, and there are several compounds in the register or being added to the recommendation list. Recently, European standard methods for analysis have also been issued. The quick analysis of different groups of analytes in one sample requires a number of methods and the simultaneous use of various instruments. The aim of the present study was to develop a method that could analyze several groups of food contaminants: in this case, 266 pesticides, 12 mycotoxins, 14 alkaloid toxins, and 3 <i>Alternaria</i> toxins. The main advantage of the herein described approach over other methods is the simultaneous analysis of tenuazonic acid (TEA) and other relevant food contaminants. The developed method unites the newly published standard methods such as EN 15662:2018, EN 17194:2019, EN 17256:2019, EN 17425:2021, EN 17521:2021, which describes the analysis of both regulated and emerging contaminants. The developed method is based on a QuEChERS sample preparation, followed by LC-MS/MS analysis under alkaline mobile phase conditions. The pH of the aqueous eluent was set to 8.3, which resulted in baseline separation among ergot alkaloids and their corresponding epimers, a symmetric chromatographic peak shape for analyzing TEA and fit-for-purpose sensitivity for MS/MS detection in both positive and negative ionization modes. Those compounds, which possess the corresponding isotopically labeled internal standards (ISTD), allowed for direct quantification by the developed method and no further confirmation was necessary. This was proven by satisfactory analyses of a number of quality control (QC), proficiency test (PT), and validation samples.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/3/1468pesticidestoxinscerealsLC-MS/MSscreeningvalidation |
| spellingShingle | Ádám Tölgyesi Attila Cseh Andrea Simon Virender K. Sharma Development of a Novel LC-MS/MS Multi-Method for the Determination of Regulated and Emerging Food Contaminants Including Tenuazonic Acid, a Chromatographically Challenging <i>Alternaria</i> Toxin Molecules pesticides toxins cereals LC-MS/MS screening validation |
| title | Development of a Novel LC-MS/MS Multi-Method for the Determination of Regulated and Emerging Food Contaminants Including Tenuazonic Acid, a Chromatographically Challenging <i>Alternaria</i> Toxin |
| title_full | Development of a Novel LC-MS/MS Multi-Method for the Determination of Regulated and Emerging Food Contaminants Including Tenuazonic Acid, a Chromatographically Challenging <i>Alternaria</i> Toxin |
| title_fullStr | Development of a Novel LC-MS/MS Multi-Method for the Determination of Regulated and Emerging Food Contaminants Including Tenuazonic Acid, a Chromatographically Challenging <i>Alternaria</i> Toxin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of a Novel LC-MS/MS Multi-Method for the Determination of Regulated and Emerging Food Contaminants Including Tenuazonic Acid, a Chromatographically Challenging <i>Alternaria</i> Toxin |
| title_short | Development of a Novel LC-MS/MS Multi-Method for the Determination of Regulated and Emerging Food Contaminants Including Tenuazonic Acid, a Chromatographically Challenging <i>Alternaria</i> Toxin |
| title_sort | development of a novel lc ms ms multi method for the determination of regulated and emerging food contaminants including tenuazonic acid a chromatographically challenging i alternaria i toxin |
| topic | pesticides toxins cereals LC-MS/MS screening validation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/3/1468 |
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