UV index-based model for predicting synthesis of (pre-)vitamin D3 in the mediterranean basin
Abstract The importance of solar radiation for the body’s ability to synthesize Vitamin D3 is well documented, yet the precise amount of sun exposure required to avoid Vitamin D insufficiency is less clear. To address this knowledge gap, this study sought to utilize the sun in a suitable period at t...
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Nature Portfolio
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-54188-5 |
| _version_ | 1797274997999271936 |
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| author | Mehmet Ali Kallioğlu Ashutosh Sharma Ayşan Kallioğlu Sunil Kumar Rohit Khargotra Tej Singh |
| author_facet | Mehmet Ali Kallioğlu Ashutosh Sharma Ayşan Kallioğlu Sunil Kumar Rohit Khargotra Tej Singh |
| author_sort | Mehmet Ali Kallioğlu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The importance of solar radiation for the body’s ability to synthesize Vitamin D3 is well documented, yet the precise amount of sun exposure required to avoid Vitamin D insufficiency is less clear. To address this knowledge gap, this study sought to utilize the sun in a suitable period at the optimum dose by utilizing numerical simulations to determine the amount of Vitamin D3 synthesis in the skin according to season, time of day, and geographical location in Turkey. The study was carried out in three stages; in the first stage, daily, monthly, and annual values were determined in cases where the solar zenith angle has the active UV-B wavelength. The second stage determined the level of Vitamin D that can be synthesized in all skin types at 25% solar radiation exposure. In the third stage, the sun exposure time required for 1000 International Units (IU) for all skin types was calculated. According to the analysis, the yearly period of active synthesis of D3 on Earth lasts from the beginning of March to the third week of October. During the day, it is between 10:00 and 16:00. For 1000 IU/day, the average annual estimated times (minutes) are 5.05 for Type I, 6.3 for Type II, 7.6 for Type III, 11.35 for Type IV, 15.15 for Type V, and 25.25 for Type VI. The results of this paper will impact awareness for academic-medical users. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:08:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4b389fa6b39b4b18b0a2c4c753a1ce6e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:08:04Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-4b389fa6b39b4b18b0a2c4c753a1ce6e2024-03-05T18:49:12ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-02-0114111510.1038/s41598-024-54188-5UV index-based model for predicting synthesis of (pre-)vitamin D3 in the mediterranean basinMehmet Ali Kallioğlu0Ashutosh Sharma1Ayşan Kallioğlu2Sunil Kumar3Rohit Khargotra4Tej Singh5Besiri OSB Vocational School, Batman UniversityCollege of Science and Engineering, James Cook UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Cigli Research and Training Hospital, Izmir Bakırçay UniversityDepartment of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering and HMC, Sejong UniversityInstitute of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Pannonia UniversitySavaria Institute of Technology, Faculty of Informatics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, BudapestAbstract The importance of solar radiation for the body’s ability to synthesize Vitamin D3 is well documented, yet the precise amount of sun exposure required to avoid Vitamin D insufficiency is less clear. To address this knowledge gap, this study sought to utilize the sun in a suitable period at the optimum dose by utilizing numerical simulations to determine the amount of Vitamin D3 synthesis in the skin according to season, time of day, and geographical location in Turkey. The study was carried out in three stages; in the first stage, daily, monthly, and annual values were determined in cases where the solar zenith angle has the active UV-B wavelength. The second stage determined the level of Vitamin D that can be synthesized in all skin types at 25% solar radiation exposure. In the third stage, the sun exposure time required for 1000 International Units (IU) for all skin types was calculated. According to the analysis, the yearly period of active synthesis of D3 on Earth lasts from the beginning of March to the third week of October. During the day, it is between 10:00 and 16:00. For 1000 IU/day, the average annual estimated times (minutes) are 5.05 for Type I, 6.3 for Type II, 7.6 for Type III, 11.35 for Type IV, 15.15 for Type V, and 25.25 for Type VI. The results of this paper will impact awareness for academic-medical users.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-54188-5UV radiationVitamin D3Solar zenith angleSimulationSolar energy |
| spellingShingle | Mehmet Ali Kallioğlu Ashutosh Sharma Ayşan Kallioğlu Sunil Kumar Rohit Khargotra Tej Singh UV index-based model for predicting synthesis of (pre-)vitamin D3 in the mediterranean basin Scientific Reports UV radiation Vitamin D3 Solar zenith angle Simulation Solar energy |
| title | UV index-based model for predicting synthesis of (pre-)vitamin D3 in the mediterranean basin |
| title_full | UV index-based model for predicting synthesis of (pre-)vitamin D3 in the mediterranean basin |
| title_fullStr | UV index-based model for predicting synthesis of (pre-)vitamin D3 in the mediterranean basin |
| title_full_unstemmed | UV index-based model for predicting synthesis of (pre-)vitamin D3 in the mediterranean basin |
| title_short | UV index-based model for predicting synthesis of (pre-)vitamin D3 in the mediterranean basin |
| title_sort | uv index based model for predicting synthesis of pre vitamin d3 in the mediterranean basin |
| topic | UV radiation Vitamin D3 Solar zenith angle Simulation Solar energy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-54188-5 |
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