A Refined Four-Stream Radiative Transfer Model for Row-Planted Crops
In modeling the canopy reflectance of row-planted crops, neglecting horizontal radiative transfer may lead to an inaccurate representation of vegetation energy balance and further cause uncertainty in the simulation of canopy reflectance at larger viewing zenith angles. To reduce this systematic dev...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/8/1290 |
| _version_ | 1797570240193757184 |
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| author | Xu Ma Tiejun Wang Lei Lu |
| author_facet | Xu Ma Tiejun Wang Lei Lu |
| author_sort | Xu Ma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In modeling the canopy reflectance of row-planted crops, neglecting horizontal radiative transfer may lead to an inaccurate representation of vegetation energy balance and further cause uncertainty in the simulation of canopy reflectance at larger viewing zenith angles. To reduce this systematic deviation, here we refined the four-stream radiative transfer equations by considering horizontal radiation through the lateral “walls”, considered the radiative transfer between rows, then proposed a modified four-stream (MFS) radiative transfer model using single and multiple scattering. We validated the MFS model using both computer simulations and in situ measurements, and found that the MFS model can be used to simulate crop canopy reflectance at different growth stages with an accuracy comparable to the computer simulations (RMSE < 0.002 in the red band, RMSE < 0.019 in NIR band). Moreover, the MFS model can be successfully used to simulate the reflectance of continuous (RMSE = 0.012) and row crop canopies (RMSE < 0.023), and therefore addressed the large viewing zenith angle problems in the previous row model based on four-stream radiative transfer equations. Our results demonstrate that horizontal radiation is an important factor that needs to be considered in modeling the canopy reflectance of row-planted crops. Hence, the refined four-stream radiative transfer model is applicable to the real world. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:22:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4b3b4483c18447e9af4a21aa67c76b21 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:22:06Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-4b3b4483c18447e9af4a21aa67c76b212023-11-19T22:04:04ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922020-04-01128129010.3390/rs12081290A Refined Four-Stream Radiative Transfer Model for Row-Planted CropsXu Ma0Tiejun Wang1Lei Lu2College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaFaculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The NetherlandsCollege of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaIn modeling the canopy reflectance of row-planted crops, neglecting horizontal radiative transfer may lead to an inaccurate representation of vegetation energy balance and further cause uncertainty in the simulation of canopy reflectance at larger viewing zenith angles. To reduce this systematic deviation, here we refined the four-stream radiative transfer equations by considering horizontal radiation through the lateral “walls”, considered the radiative transfer between rows, then proposed a modified four-stream (MFS) radiative transfer model using single and multiple scattering. We validated the MFS model using both computer simulations and in situ measurements, and found that the MFS model can be used to simulate crop canopy reflectance at different growth stages with an accuracy comparable to the computer simulations (RMSE < 0.002 in the red band, RMSE < 0.019 in NIR band). Moreover, the MFS model can be successfully used to simulate the reflectance of continuous (RMSE = 0.012) and row crop canopies (RMSE < 0.023), and therefore addressed the large viewing zenith angle problems in the previous row model based on four-stream radiative transfer equations. Our results demonstrate that horizontal radiation is an important factor that needs to be considered in modeling the canopy reflectance of row-planted crops. Hence, the refined four-stream radiative transfer model is applicable to the real world.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/8/1290directional reflectance factorhorizontal radiative transferlateral wallrow-planted cropsmodified four-stream radiative transfer equations |
| spellingShingle | Xu Ma Tiejun Wang Lei Lu A Refined Four-Stream Radiative Transfer Model for Row-Planted Crops Remote Sensing directional reflectance factor horizontal radiative transfer lateral wall row-planted crops modified four-stream radiative transfer equations |
| title | A Refined Four-Stream Radiative Transfer Model for Row-Planted Crops |
| title_full | A Refined Four-Stream Radiative Transfer Model for Row-Planted Crops |
| title_fullStr | A Refined Four-Stream Radiative Transfer Model for Row-Planted Crops |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Refined Four-Stream Radiative Transfer Model for Row-Planted Crops |
| title_short | A Refined Four-Stream Radiative Transfer Model for Row-Planted Crops |
| title_sort | refined four stream radiative transfer model for row planted crops |
| topic | directional reflectance factor horizontal radiative transfer lateral wall row-planted crops modified four-stream radiative transfer equations |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/8/1290 |
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