Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with CB/TiO<sub>2</sub> Layer for Sensitive Determination of Sumatriptan by Means of Voltammetry and Flow Injection Analysis
Sumatriptan is an organic chemical compound from the tryptamine group. It is used as a medicine for migraine attacks and in the treatment of cluster headaches. In this work, a new voltammetric method is proposed for highly sensitive SUM determination, using glassy carbon electrodes modified with car...
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/12/5397 |
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| author | Joanna Smajdor Beata Paczosa-Bator Małgorzata Grabarczyk Robert Piech |
| author_facet | Joanna Smajdor Beata Paczosa-Bator Małgorzata Grabarczyk Robert Piech |
| author_sort | Joanna Smajdor |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sumatriptan is an organic chemical compound from the tryptamine group. It is used as a medicine for migraine attacks and in the treatment of cluster headaches. In this work, a new voltammetric method is proposed for highly sensitive SUM determination, using glassy carbon electrodes modified with carbon black and titanium dioxide suspension. The novelty of the presented work is the usage of the mixture of carbon black and TiO<sub>2</sub> as glassy carbon electrode modifier for the first time for SUM determination. The mentioned sensor was characterized by great repeatability and sensitivity of measurements, which resulted in the obtention of a wide range of linearity and a low detection limit. The electrochemical properties of the CB-TiO<sub>2</sub>/GC sensor was characterized using the LSV and EIS method. The effect of different factors on the SUM peak, such as supporting electrolyte type, preconcentration time and potential, or influence of interferents, were tested using the square wave voltammetry technique. The linear voltammetric response for the analyte was obtained in the concentration range of 5 nmol L<sup>−1</sup> to 150 μmol L<sup>−1</sup> with a detection limit of 2.9 nmol L<sup>−1</sup> for a preconcentration time of 150 s in the 0.1 mol L<sup>−1</sup> phosphate buffer pH 6.0. The proposed method was successfully applied for highly sensitive sumatriptan determination in complex matrices, such as tablets, urine, and plasma, with a good recovery parameter (94–105%). The presented CB-TiO<sub>2</sub>/GC electrode is characterized by great stability, it was used for 6 weeks without significant changes in the SUM peak current. Amperometric and voltammetric measurements of SUM under the flow injection conditions were also performed to indicate the possibility of its fast and accurate determination with a time of single analysis of approx. 30 s. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:57:53Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-4b3c17f493ab45048cbfcf9dcafd3b842023-11-18T12:30:26ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-06-012312539710.3390/s23125397Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with CB/TiO<sub>2</sub> Layer for Sensitive Determination of Sumatriptan by Means of Voltammetry and Flow Injection AnalysisJoanna Smajdor0Beata Paczosa-Bator1Małgorzata Grabarczyk2Robert Piech3Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza, 30-059 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza, 30-059 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza, 30-059 Krakow, PolandSumatriptan is an organic chemical compound from the tryptamine group. It is used as a medicine for migraine attacks and in the treatment of cluster headaches. In this work, a new voltammetric method is proposed for highly sensitive SUM determination, using glassy carbon electrodes modified with carbon black and titanium dioxide suspension. The novelty of the presented work is the usage of the mixture of carbon black and TiO<sub>2</sub> as glassy carbon electrode modifier for the first time for SUM determination. The mentioned sensor was characterized by great repeatability and sensitivity of measurements, which resulted in the obtention of a wide range of linearity and a low detection limit. The electrochemical properties of the CB-TiO<sub>2</sub>/GC sensor was characterized using the LSV and EIS method. The effect of different factors on the SUM peak, such as supporting electrolyte type, preconcentration time and potential, or influence of interferents, were tested using the square wave voltammetry technique. The linear voltammetric response for the analyte was obtained in the concentration range of 5 nmol L<sup>−1</sup> to 150 μmol L<sup>−1</sup> with a detection limit of 2.9 nmol L<sup>−1</sup> for a preconcentration time of 150 s in the 0.1 mol L<sup>−1</sup> phosphate buffer pH 6.0. The proposed method was successfully applied for highly sensitive sumatriptan determination in complex matrices, such as tablets, urine, and plasma, with a good recovery parameter (94–105%). The presented CB-TiO<sub>2</sub>/GC electrode is characterized by great stability, it was used for 6 weeks without significant changes in the SUM peak current. Amperometric and voltammetric measurements of SUM under the flow injection conditions were also performed to indicate the possibility of its fast and accurate determination with a time of single analysis of approx. 30 s.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/12/5397sumatriptancarbon blackTiO<sub>2</sub>voltammetryflow injection analysis |
| spellingShingle | Joanna Smajdor Beata Paczosa-Bator Małgorzata Grabarczyk Robert Piech Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with CB/TiO<sub>2</sub> Layer for Sensitive Determination of Sumatriptan by Means of Voltammetry and Flow Injection Analysis Sensors sumatriptan carbon black TiO<sub>2</sub> voltammetry flow injection analysis |
| title | Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with CB/TiO<sub>2</sub> Layer for Sensitive Determination of Sumatriptan by Means of Voltammetry and Flow Injection Analysis |
| title_full | Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with CB/TiO<sub>2</sub> Layer for Sensitive Determination of Sumatriptan by Means of Voltammetry and Flow Injection Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with CB/TiO<sub>2</sub> Layer for Sensitive Determination of Sumatriptan by Means of Voltammetry and Flow Injection Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with CB/TiO<sub>2</sub> Layer for Sensitive Determination of Sumatriptan by Means of Voltammetry and Flow Injection Analysis |
| title_short | Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with CB/TiO<sub>2</sub> Layer for Sensitive Determination of Sumatriptan by Means of Voltammetry and Flow Injection Analysis |
| title_sort | glassy carbon electrode modified with cb tio sub 2 sub layer for sensitive determination of sumatriptan by means of voltammetry and flow injection analysis |
| topic | sumatriptan carbon black TiO<sub>2</sub> voltammetry flow injection analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/12/5397 |
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