Salivary Interleukin-6, Interleukin-1β, and C-Reactive Protein as a Diagnostic Tool for Plaque-Induced Gingivitis in Children
Plaque-induced gingivitis (PIG) is one of the most widely distributed oral disorders in children. We aimed to identify the diagnostic value of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and c-reactive protein (CRP) in the unstimulated whole saliva of children with different degrees of PIG. The st...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/8/5046 |
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| author | Ayshe Salim Sirma Angelova Bogdan Roussev Todorka Sokrateva Yoana Kiselova-Kaneva Stefan Peev Diana Ivanova |
| author_facet | Ayshe Salim Sirma Angelova Bogdan Roussev Todorka Sokrateva Yoana Kiselova-Kaneva Stefan Peev Diana Ivanova |
| author_sort | Ayshe Salim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Plaque-induced gingivitis (PIG) is one of the most widely distributed oral disorders in children. We aimed to identify the diagnostic value of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and c-reactive protein (CRP) in the unstimulated whole saliva of children with different degrees of PIG. The study included 45 healthy children (aged between 4–14 years). The participants were divided into four groups according to their Silness–Löe plaque index and Löe–Silness gingival index. ELISA methods for the quantification of salivary IL-6, IL-1β, and CRP were used. The highest levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and CRP were recorded in the group with severe gingivitis—14.96 pg/mL, 28.94 pg/mL, and 490.0 pg/mL, respectively—significantly exceeding those in the control group (9.506 pg/mL, 16.93 pg/mL and 254.4 pg/mL, respectively). Based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, salivary IL-1β and CRP showed good diagnostic accuracy (0.8 ≤ AUC < 0.9) and IL-6 showed fair diagnostic accuracy (0.7 ≤ AUC < 0.8) with statistical significance to distinguish between children with a moderate degree of PIG and those with a severe degree of PIG. Sensitivity for IL-6, CRP, and IL-1β was 87.5% (<i>p</i> < 0.05), 87.5% (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and 75% (<i>p</i> < 0.01), respectively, and specificity was 63.16% (<i>p</i> < 0.05), 78.95% (<i>p</i> < 0.01), 83.33% (<i>p</i> < 0.01), respectively. Based on our results, we suggest salivary IL-1β and CRP as potential diagnostic tools that can be used to differentiate between moderate and severe PIG. |
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| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:15:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj.art-4b4afbcaea864544a859885108c414cb2023-11-17T18:13:05ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-04-01138504610.3390/app13085046Salivary Interleukin-6, Interleukin-1β, and C-Reactive Protein as a Diagnostic Tool for Plaque-Induced Gingivitis in ChildrenAyshe Salim0Sirma Angelova1Bogdan Roussev2Todorka Sokrateva3Yoana Kiselova-Kaneva4Stefan Peev5Diana Ivanova6Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, BulgariaDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, BulgariaDepartment of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, BulgariaDepartment of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, BulgariaDepartment of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, BulgariaDepartment of Periodontology and Dental Implantology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, BulgariaDepartment of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, BulgariaPlaque-induced gingivitis (PIG) is one of the most widely distributed oral disorders in children. We aimed to identify the diagnostic value of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and c-reactive protein (CRP) in the unstimulated whole saliva of children with different degrees of PIG. The study included 45 healthy children (aged between 4–14 years). The participants were divided into four groups according to their Silness–Löe plaque index and Löe–Silness gingival index. ELISA methods for the quantification of salivary IL-6, IL-1β, and CRP were used. The highest levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and CRP were recorded in the group with severe gingivitis—14.96 pg/mL, 28.94 pg/mL, and 490.0 pg/mL, respectively—significantly exceeding those in the control group (9.506 pg/mL, 16.93 pg/mL and 254.4 pg/mL, respectively). Based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, salivary IL-1β and CRP showed good diagnostic accuracy (0.8 ≤ AUC < 0.9) and IL-6 showed fair diagnostic accuracy (0.7 ≤ AUC < 0.8) with statistical significance to distinguish between children with a moderate degree of PIG and those with a severe degree of PIG. Sensitivity for IL-6, CRP, and IL-1β was 87.5% (<i>p</i> < 0.05), 87.5% (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and 75% (<i>p</i> < 0.01), respectively, and specificity was 63.16% (<i>p</i> < 0.05), 78.95% (<i>p</i> < 0.01), 83.33% (<i>p</i> < 0.01), respectively. Based on our results, we suggest salivary IL-1β and CRP as potential diagnostic tools that can be used to differentiate between moderate and severe PIG.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/8/5046plaque-induced gingivitissalivary biomarkersIL-6IL-1β and CRPchildren |
| spellingShingle | Ayshe Salim Sirma Angelova Bogdan Roussev Todorka Sokrateva Yoana Kiselova-Kaneva Stefan Peev Diana Ivanova Salivary Interleukin-6, Interleukin-1β, and C-Reactive Protein as a Diagnostic Tool for Plaque-Induced Gingivitis in Children Applied Sciences plaque-induced gingivitis salivary biomarkers IL-6 IL-1β and CRP children |
| title | Salivary Interleukin-6, Interleukin-1β, and C-Reactive Protein as a Diagnostic Tool for Plaque-Induced Gingivitis in Children |
| title_full | Salivary Interleukin-6, Interleukin-1β, and C-Reactive Protein as a Diagnostic Tool for Plaque-Induced Gingivitis in Children |
| title_fullStr | Salivary Interleukin-6, Interleukin-1β, and C-Reactive Protein as a Diagnostic Tool for Plaque-Induced Gingivitis in Children |
| title_full_unstemmed | Salivary Interleukin-6, Interleukin-1β, and C-Reactive Protein as a Diagnostic Tool for Plaque-Induced Gingivitis in Children |
| title_short | Salivary Interleukin-6, Interleukin-1β, and C-Reactive Protein as a Diagnostic Tool for Plaque-Induced Gingivitis in Children |
| title_sort | salivary interleukin 6 interleukin 1β and c reactive protein as a diagnostic tool for plaque induced gingivitis in children |
| topic | plaque-induced gingivitis salivary biomarkers IL-6 IL-1β and CRP children |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/8/5046 |
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