The recent re-emergence of human monkeypox: Would it become endemic beyond Africa?
Viral outbreaks still become global health challenges, for instance, influenza A viruses, Japanese encephalitis, Ebola virus, Yellow fever, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since 7 May 2022, another outbreak of monkeypox also has been reported in European countries a...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Infection and Public Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034123000217 |
| _version_ | 1797903508613103616 |
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| author | Mohamad S. Hakim Suci A. Widyaningsih |
| author_facet | Mohamad S. Hakim Suci A. Widyaningsih |
| author_sort | Mohamad S. Hakim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Viral outbreaks still become global health challenges, for instance, influenza A viruses, Japanese encephalitis, Ebola virus, Yellow fever, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since 7 May 2022, another outbreak of monkeypox also has been reported in European countries and the United States. Meanwhile, the monkeypox virus is previously endemic only in the western and central parts of Africa. Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease, although the primary animal reservoir remains unknown. This article concisely reviews the monkeypox virus, its transmission, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestation, its changing global epidemiology before and during the current outbreak, and possible driving factors of the recent outbreak. Furthermore, we also discuss whether the monkeypox virus would become endemic beyond Africa. Even though the available data suggests that human-to-human transmission is currently happening and unconnected clusters exist, many efforts have been made to tackle this outbreak, such as active case detection, contact tracing, isolation, and postexposure vaccination. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T09:34:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4b58087b5529459faefaf67478b798ff |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1876-0341 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T09:34:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Infection and Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-4b58087b5529459faefaf67478b798ff2023-02-18T04:16:40ZengElsevierJournal of Infection and Public Health1876-03412023-03-01163332340The recent re-emergence of human monkeypox: Would it become endemic beyond Africa?Mohamad S. Hakim0Suci A. Widyaningsih1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Center for Child Health - PRO, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Correspondence to: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.Center for Child Health - PRO, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, IndonesiaViral outbreaks still become global health challenges, for instance, influenza A viruses, Japanese encephalitis, Ebola virus, Yellow fever, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since 7 May 2022, another outbreak of monkeypox also has been reported in European countries and the United States. Meanwhile, the monkeypox virus is previously endemic only in the western and central parts of Africa. Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease, although the primary animal reservoir remains unknown. This article concisely reviews the monkeypox virus, its transmission, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestation, its changing global epidemiology before and during the current outbreak, and possible driving factors of the recent outbreak. Furthermore, we also discuss whether the monkeypox virus would become endemic beyond Africa. Even though the available data suggests that human-to-human transmission is currently happening and unconnected clusters exist, many efforts have been made to tackle this outbreak, such as active case detection, contact tracing, isolation, and postexposure vaccination.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034123000217EpidemiologyMonkeypoxOrthopoxvirusOutbreakSmallpox |
| spellingShingle | Mohamad S. Hakim Suci A. Widyaningsih The recent re-emergence of human monkeypox: Would it become endemic beyond Africa? Journal of Infection and Public Health Epidemiology Monkeypox Orthopoxvirus Outbreak Smallpox |
| title | The recent re-emergence of human monkeypox: Would it become endemic beyond Africa? |
| title_full | The recent re-emergence of human monkeypox: Would it become endemic beyond Africa? |
| title_fullStr | The recent re-emergence of human monkeypox: Would it become endemic beyond Africa? |
| title_full_unstemmed | The recent re-emergence of human monkeypox: Would it become endemic beyond Africa? |
| title_short | The recent re-emergence of human monkeypox: Would it become endemic beyond Africa? |
| title_sort | recent re emergence of human monkeypox would it become endemic beyond africa |
| topic | Epidemiology Monkeypox Orthopoxvirus Outbreak Smallpox |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034123000217 |
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