Nutrigenomics in the context of evolution
Nutrigenomics describes the interaction between nutrients and our genome. Since the origin of our species most of these nutrient-gene communication pathways have not changed. However, our genome experienced over the past 50,000 years a number of evolutionary pressures, which are based on the migrati...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Redox Biology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213231723000575 |
| _version_ | 1797830024149073920 |
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| author | Carsten Carlberg |
| author_facet | Carsten Carlberg |
| author_sort | Carsten Carlberg |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nutrigenomics describes the interaction between nutrients and our genome. Since the origin of our species most of these nutrient-gene communication pathways have not changed. However, our genome experienced over the past 50,000 years a number of evolutionary pressures, which are based on the migration to new environments concerning geography and climate, the transition from hunter-gatherers to farmers including the zoonotic transfer of many pathogenic microbes and the rather recent change of societies to a preferentially sedentary lifestyle and the dominance of Western diet. Human populations responded to these challenges not only by specific anthropometric adaptations, such as skin color and body stature, but also through diversity in dietary intake and different resistance to complex diseases like the metabolic syndrome, cancer and immune disorders. The genetic basis of this adaptation process has been investigated by whole genome genotyping and sequencing including that of DNA extracted from ancient bones. In addition to genomic changes, also the programming of epigenomes in pre- and postnatal phases of life has an important contribution to the response to environmental changes. Thus, insight into the variation of our (epi)genome in the context of our individual's risk for developing complex diseases, helps to understand the evolutionary basis how and why we become ill. This review will discuss the relation of diet, modern environment and our (epi)genome including aspects of redox biology. This has numerous implications for the interpretation of the risks for disease and their prevention. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T13:30:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4b5846781b5249ffa8555429a3bcaccd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2213-2317 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T13:30:37Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Redox Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-4b5846781b5249ffa8555429a3bcaccd2023-05-10T04:18:58ZengElsevierRedox Biology2213-23172023-06-0162102656Nutrigenomics in the context of evolutionCarsten Carlberg0Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Juliana Tuwima 10, PL-10748, Olsztyn, Poland; School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211, Kuopio, FinlandNutrigenomics describes the interaction between nutrients and our genome. Since the origin of our species most of these nutrient-gene communication pathways have not changed. However, our genome experienced over the past 50,000 years a number of evolutionary pressures, which are based on the migration to new environments concerning geography and climate, the transition from hunter-gatherers to farmers including the zoonotic transfer of many pathogenic microbes and the rather recent change of societies to a preferentially sedentary lifestyle and the dominance of Western diet. Human populations responded to these challenges not only by specific anthropometric adaptations, such as skin color and body stature, but also through diversity in dietary intake and different resistance to complex diseases like the metabolic syndrome, cancer and immune disorders. The genetic basis of this adaptation process has been investigated by whole genome genotyping and sequencing including that of DNA extracted from ancient bones. In addition to genomic changes, also the programming of epigenomes in pre- and postnatal phases of life has an important contribution to the response to environmental changes. Thus, insight into the variation of our (epi)genome in the context of our individual's risk for developing complex diseases, helps to understand the evolutionary basis how and why we become ill. This review will discuss the relation of diet, modern environment and our (epi)genome including aspects of redox biology. This has numerous implications for the interpretation of the risks for disease and their prevention.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213231723000575Human genomeEvolutionLactase persistenceDisease riskNutrigenomicsImmunity |
| spellingShingle | Carsten Carlberg Nutrigenomics in the context of evolution Redox Biology Human genome Evolution Lactase persistence Disease risk Nutrigenomics Immunity |
| title | Nutrigenomics in the context of evolution |
| title_full | Nutrigenomics in the context of evolution |
| title_fullStr | Nutrigenomics in the context of evolution |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nutrigenomics in the context of evolution |
| title_short | Nutrigenomics in the context of evolution |
| title_sort | nutrigenomics in the context of evolution |
| topic | Human genome Evolution Lactase persistence Disease risk Nutrigenomics Immunity |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213231723000575 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT carstencarlberg nutrigenomicsinthecontextofevolution |