Effects of hydroquinone-containing creams on capillary glycemia before and after serial hand washings in Africans.
BACKGROUND:Hydroquinone-containing creams cause false increases in capillary glycemia. However, the magnitude of this false increase, and the means to reverse it have not been investigated. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the technical and clinical impact of hydroquinone-containing creams on capillary glycemi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2018-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6112636?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1818448289772601344 |
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| author | Simeon-Pierre Choukem Derrick Tembi Efie Sefirin Djiogue François F Kaze Yannick Mboue-Djieka Thadée Boudjeko Etienne Dongo Jean-François Gautier Andre-Pascal Kengne |
| author_facet | Simeon-Pierre Choukem Derrick Tembi Efie Sefirin Djiogue François F Kaze Yannick Mboue-Djieka Thadée Boudjeko Etienne Dongo Jean-François Gautier Andre-Pascal Kengne |
| author_sort | Simeon-Pierre Choukem |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BACKGROUND:Hydroquinone-containing creams cause false increases in capillary glycemia. However, the magnitude of this false increase, and the means to reverse it have not been investigated. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the technical and clinical impact of hydroquinone-containing creams on capillary glycemia and investigate the efficacy of hand washing and other common practices, in reversing cream effects. METHODS:We included 91 participants in a quasi-experimental study in Buea, Cameroon. After determining the hydroquinone content of a cream, Caro Light, we used two glucometers with different enzymatic systems (Accu-Chek Active and OneTouch Ultra 2) to measure fasting glycemia after: initial hand washing (reference), application of 1 ml of hydroquinone-containing cream, finger swabbing with wet gauze, sanitizer application and a series of three hand washings following cream application. Reference glycemia was compared to those obtained after various interventions. Statistical significance was assessed by paired sample t-test, clinical significance by total error allowable (TEa), and clinical impact by Parke's error grid analysis. RESULTS:The mean differences in capillary glycemia (Intervention-reference) measured by Accu-Chek Active in mg/dl were 28, 27, 38, 16, 4, and -2 after cream application, finger swabbing, sanitizer application, one, two, and three hand washings respectively. Corresponding values for OneTouch Ultra2 were 41, 44, 64, 22, 5 and -5. These differences, except after two and three hand washings were both statistically (p < 0.0001) and clinically significant (TEa). After cream application, Accu-Check had 9.9% of values in Parke's Zones C-E, while OneTouch had 18.7%. CONCLUSION:Hydroquinone-containing creams cause significant false increase in capillary glycemia irrespective of the enzymatic system of the glucometer used, and can lead to potentially wrong clinical decisions. A minimum of two hand washings is required prior to capillary glucose measurement. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T20:17:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4b6179c4564a4465bbccf8e64cad266c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T20:17:09Z |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-4b6179c4564a4465bbccf8e64cad266c2022-12-21T22:48:50ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032018-01-01138e020227110.1371/journal.pone.0202271Effects of hydroquinone-containing creams on capillary glycemia before and after serial hand washings in Africans.Simeon-Pierre ChoukemDerrick Tembi EfieSefirin DjiogueFrançois F KazeYannick Mboue-DjiekaThadée BoudjekoEtienne DongoJean-François GautierAndre-Pascal KengneBACKGROUND:Hydroquinone-containing creams cause false increases in capillary glycemia. However, the magnitude of this false increase, and the means to reverse it have not been investigated. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the technical and clinical impact of hydroquinone-containing creams on capillary glycemia and investigate the efficacy of hand washing and other common practices, in reversing cream effects. METHODS:We included 91 participants in a quasi-experimental study in Buea, Cameroon. After determining the hydroquinone content of a cream, Caro Light, we used two glucometers with different enzymatic systems (Accu-Chek Active and OneTouch Ultra 2) to measure fasting glycemia after: initial hand washing (reference), application of 1 ml of hydroquinone-containing cream, finger swabbing with wet gauze, sanitizer application and a series of three hand washings following cream application. Reference glycemia was compared to those obtained after various interventions. Statistical significance was assessed by paired sample t-test, clinical significance by total error allowable (TEa), and clinical impact by Parke's error grid analysis. RESULTS:The mean differences in capillary glycemia (Intervention-reference) measured by Accu-Chek Active in mg/dl were 28, 27, 38, 16, 4, and -2 after cream application, finger swabbing, sanitizer application, one, two, and three hand washings respectively. Corresponding values for OneTouch Ultra2 were 41, 44, 64, 22, 5 and -5. These differences, except after two and three hand washings were both statistically (p < 0.0001) and clinically significant (TEa). After cream application, Accu-Check had 9.9% of values in Parke's Zones C-E, while OneTouch had 18.7%. CONCLUSION:Hydroquinone-containing creams cause significant false increase in capillary glycemia irrespective of the enzymatic system of the glucometer used, and can lead to potentially wrong clinical decisions. A minimum of two hand washings is required prior to capillary glucose measurement.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6112636?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Simeon-Pierre Choukem Derrick Tembi Efie Sefirin Djiogue François F Kaze Yannick Mboue-Djieka Thadée Boudjeko Etienne Dongo Jean-François Gautier Andre-Pascal Kengne Effects of hydroquinone-containing creams on capillary glycemia before and after serial hand washings in Africans. PLoS ONE |
| title | Effects of hydroquinone-containing creams on capillary glycemia before and after serial hand washings in Africans. |
| title_full | Effects of hydroquinone-containing creams on capillary glycemia before and after serial hand washings in Africans. |
| title_fullStr | Effects of hydroquinone-containing creams on capillary glycemia before and after serial hand washings in Africans. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of hydroquinone-containing creams on capillary glycemia before and after serial hand washings in Africans. |
| title_short | Effects of hydroquinone-containing creams on capillary glycemia before and after serial hand washings in Africans. |
| title_sort | effects of hydroquinone containing creams on capillary glycemia before and after serial hand washings in africans |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6112636?pdf=render |
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