Application of Silicon Dioxide as the Inert Component or Oxide Component Enhancer in ANFO
Non-ideal explosives with differing contents of silicon dioxide (silica or dioxosilane) added in the form of powder and gel were tested. Measurements of structure, crystallinity and morphology were performed by means of infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron micros...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/8/2152 |
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| author | Andrzej Biessikirski Krzysztof Barański Mateusz Pytlik Łukasz Kuterasiński Jolanta Biegańska Konrad Słowiński |
| author_facet | Andrzej Biessikirski Krzysztof Barański Mateusz Pytlik Łukasz Kuterasiński Jolanta Biegańska Konrad Słowiński |
| author_sort | Andrzej Biessikirski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Non-ideal explosives with differing contents of silicon dioxide (silica or dioxosilane) added in the form of powder and gel were tested. Measurements of structure, crystallinity and morphology were performed by means of infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). IR and XRD analysis revealed a lack of SiO<sub>2</sub> influence on the non-ideal explosive structure. SEM analysis indicated that all the surface deformations of ammonium nitrate(V) prill were filled by a thin fuel film layer on which SiO<sub>2</sub> was present. The additional calculations of selected theoretical properties of non-ideal compositions were made using ZMWCyw software. Based on this, it was established that the optimum semimetal content was 1.0 wt.%. Blasting tests confirmed that the addition of 1.0 wt.% SiO<sub>2</sub> to the Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil (ANFO) resulted in the lowest volume of post-blast fumes. Moreover, it was established that finer SiO<sub>2</sub> powder cannot be used as the oxide component enhancer due to the inhibition of detonation reaction. SiO<sub>2</sub> should be used only as an inert component. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:23:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4b81afe232ef4fddb540f5e34cf96553 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:23:06Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-4b81afe232ef4fddb540f5e34cf965532023-11-21T15:16:02ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732021-04-01148215210.3390/en14082152Application of Silicon Dioxide as the Inert Component or Oxide Component Enhancer in ANFOAndrzej Biessikirski0Krzysztof Barański1Mateusz Pytlik2Łukasz Kuterasiński3Jolanta Biegańska4Konrad Słowiński5Faculty of Mining and Geoengineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, PolandFaculty of Mining and Geoengineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, PolandConformity Assessment Body, Central Mining Institute, Plac Gwarków 1, 40-166 Katowice, PolandJerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Kraków, PolandFaculty of Mining and Geoengineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, PolandFaculty of Mining and Geoengineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, PolandNon-ideal explosives with differing contents of silicon dioxide (silica or dioxosilane) added in the form of powder and gel were tested. Measurements of structure, crystallinity and morphology were performed by means of infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). IR and XRD analysis revealed a lack of SiO<sub>2</sub> influence on the non-ideal explosive structure. SEM analysis indicated that all the surface deformations of ammonium nitrate(V) prill were filled by a thin fuel film layer on which SiO<sub>2</sub> was present. The additional calculations of selected theoretical properties of non-ideal compositions were made using ZMWCyw software. Based on this, it was established that the optimum semimetal content was 1.0 wt.%. Blasting tests confirmed that the addition of 1.0 wt.% SiO<sub>2</sub> to the Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil (ANFO) resulted in the lowest volume of post-blast fumes. Moreover, it was established that finer SiO<sub>2</sub> powder cannot be used as the oxide component enhancer due to the inhibition of detonation reaction. SiO<sub>2</sub> should be used only as an inert component.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/8/2152ANFOsilicon dioxidepost-blast fumesvelocity of detonation |
| spellingShingle | Andrzej Biessikirski Krzysztof Barański Mateusz Pytlik Łukasz Kuterasiński Jolanta Biegańska Konrad Słowiński Application of Silicon Dioxide as the Inert Component or Oxide Component Enhancer in ANFO Energies ANFO silicon dioxide post-blast fumes velocity of detonation |
| title | Application of Silicon Dioxide as the Inert Component or Oxide Component Enhancer in ANFO |
| title_full | Application of Silicon Dioxide as the Inert Component or Oxide Component Enhancer in ANFO |
| title_fullStr | Application of Silicon Dioxide as the Inert Component or Oxide Component Enhancer in ANFO |
| title_full_unstemmed | Application of Silicon Dioxide as the Inert Component or Oxide Component Enhancer in ANFO |
| title_short | Application of Silicon Dioxide as the Inert Component or Oxide Component Enhancer in ANFO |
| title_sort | application of silicon dioxide as the inert component or oxide component enhancer in anfo |
| topic | ANFO silicon dioxide post-blast fumes velocity of detonation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/8/2152 |
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