Experimental and numerical analysis of holistic active and passive thermal management systems for electric vehicles: Fast charge and discharge applications
Lithium-ion capacitors (LiCs) are commonly used as power sources for electric vehicles (EVs) due to the combined advantages of electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) comprising high energy density, high power density, and long lifetime. However, the performance of...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Results in Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123022001566 |
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| author | Danial Karimi Hamidreza Behi Joeri Van Mierlo Maitane Berecibar |
| author_facet | Danial Karimi Hamidreza Behi Joeri Van Mierlo Maitane Berecibar |
| author_sort | Danial Karimi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lithium-ion capacitors (LiCs) are commonly used as power sources for electric vehicles (EVs) due to the combined advantages of electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) comprising high energy density, high power density, and long lifetime. However, the performance of the LiCs is susceptible to temperature. Therefore, a robust thermal management system (TMS) is crucial for EVs to operate efficiently and safely. In this work, holistic active and passive TMSs are designed to control the maximum temperature of the cell. In this regard, an air-cooled TMS (ACTMS) and a compact liquid-cooled TMS (LCTMS) are among the active cooling systems, where pure paraffin phase change material (PCM), PCM with added aluminum mesh grid foil (PCM-Al), PCM with an added heat sink (PCM-HS), and heat pipe cooling system (HPCS) are the investigated passive TMSs. Moreover, the experimental results are verified against numerical analysis using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, COMSOL Multiphysics. The most efficient active and passive cooling systems are then selected in the CFD simulations to make a robust hybrid TMS for a module of LiC cells. The results exhibit that the LCTMS has the best performance where the maximum temperature of the cell is controlled at 32.5 °C, which shows the reduction of 41.2% compared to the natural convection (NC) case study. The PCM-HS has the best performance among the passive cooling systems, decreasing 38.3% compared to the NC. Moreover, the hybrid TMS decreases the maximum temperature by 50.1% while uniformizing the temperature along with the module by keeping the temperature difference below 4.5 °C between the coldest and hottest points on the cell. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T23:17:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4b99859d5dab48c993715d86fd94de36 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2590-1230 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T23:17:07Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Results in Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-4b99859d5dab48c993715d86fd94de362022-12-22T03:12:39ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302022-09-0115100486Experimental and numerical analysis of holistic active and passive thermal management systems for electric vehicles: Fast charge and discharge applicationsDanial Karimi0Hamidreza Behi1Joeri Van Mierlo2Maitane Berecibar3Research Group MOBI – Mobility, Logistics, and Automotive Technology Research Centre, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, 1050, Belgium; Flanders Make, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium; Corresponding author. Flanders Make, Heverlee, 3001, BelgiumResearch Group MOBI – Mobility, Logistics, and Automotive Technology Research Centre, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, 1050, Belgium; Flanders Make, Heverlee, 3001, BelgiumResearch Group MOBI – Mobility, Logistics, and Automotive Technology Research Centre, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, 1050, Belgium; Flanders Make, Heverlee, 3001, BelgiumResearch Group MOBI – Mobility, Logistics, and Automotive Technology Research Centre, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, 1050, BelgiumLithium-ion capacitors (LiCs) are commonly used as power sources for electric vehicles (EVs) due to the combined advantages of electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) comprising high energy density, high power density, and long lifetime. However, the performance of the LiCs is susceptible to temperature. Therefore, a robust thermal management system (TMS) is crucial for EVs to operate efficiently and safely. In this work, holistic active and passive TMSs are designed to control the maximum temperature of the cell. In this regard, an air-cooled TMS (ACTMS) and a compact liquid-cooled TMS (LCTMS) are among the active cooling systems, where pure paraffin phase change material (PCM), PCM with added aluminum mesh grid foil (PCM-Al), PCM with an added heat sink (PCM-HS), and heat pipe cooling system (HPCS) are the investigated passive TMSs. Moreover, the experimental results are verified against numerical analysis using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, COMSOL Multiphysics. The most efficient active and passive cooling systems are then selected in the CFD simulations to make a robust hybrid TMS for a module of LiC cells. The results exhibit that the LCTMS has the best performance where the maximum temperature of the cell is controlled at 32.5 °C, which shows the reduction of 41.2% compared to the natural convection (NC) case study. The PCM-HS has the best performance among the passive cooling systems, decreasing 38.3% compared to the NC. Moreover, the hybrid TMS decreases the maximum temperature by 50.1% while uniformizing the temperature along with the module by keeping the temperature difference below 4.5 °C between the coldest and hottest points on the cell.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123022001566Lithium-ion capacitor (LiC)Thermal management system (TMS)Active cooling systemPassive cooling systemComputational fluid dynamics (CFD) |
| spellingShingle | Danial Karimi Hamidreza Behi Joeri Van Mierlo Maitane Berecibar Experimental and numerical analysis of holistic active and passive thermal management systems for electric vehicles: Fast charge and discharge applications Results in Engineering Lithium-ion capacitor (LiC) Thermal management system (TMS) Active cooling system Passive cooling system Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) |
| title | Experimental and numerical analysis of holistic active and passive thermal management systems for electric vehicles: Fast charge and discharge applications |
| title_full | Experimental and numerical analysis of holistic active and passive thermal management systems for electric vehicles: Fast charge and discharge applications |
| title_fullStr | Experimental and numerical analysis of holistic active and passive thermal management systems for electric vehicles: Fast charge and discharge applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental and numerical analysis of holistic active and passive thermal management systems for electric vehicles: Fast charge and discharge applications |
| title_short | Experimental and numerical analysis of holistic active and passive thermal management systems for electric vehicles: Fast charge and discharge applications |
| title_sort | experimental and numerical analysis of holistic active and passive thermal management systems for electric vehicles fast charge and discharge applications |
| topic | Lithium-ion capacitor (LiC) Thermal management system (TMS) Active cooling system Passive cooling system Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123022001566 |
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