Enterococcus casseliflavus Infection: A Review of Clinical Features and Treatment
Yusuke Yoshino Teikyo University, School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo, JapanCorrespondence: Yusuke Yoshino, Teikyo University, School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan, Tel +81-3-3964-1211, Email yy...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Dove Medical Press
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Infection and Drug Resistance |
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| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/enterococcus-casseliflavus-infection-a-review-of-clinical-features-and-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IDR |
| _version_ | 1797944615687421952 |
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| author | Yoshino Y |
| author_facet | Yoshino Y |
| author_sort | Yoshino Y |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Yusuke Yoshino Teikyo University, School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo, JapanCorrespondence: Yusuke Yoshino, Teikyo University, School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan, Tel +81-3-3964-1211, Email yyoshino@med.teikyo-u.ac.jpAbstract: Some Enterococcus species, including Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium, are increasingly becoming a common cause of nosocomial infections, accounting for the majority of human enterococcal infections, while other species, such as E. casseliflavus, have also been shown to be pathogenic to humans due to the increase in immunocompromised patients. These infections vary widely in their mode of transmission, symptoms, and other characteristics. Treatment is difficult in some cases because enterococci are resistant to numerous antimicrobial agents. Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium are the best-known opportunistic pathogens, but others, including E. casseliflavus, occasionally cause opportunistic infections. This review summarizes the clinical features of E. casseliflavus infections and discusses effective therapeutic strategies. Bacteremia was the most common form of E. casseliflavus infections. Because E. casseliflavus carries the VanC gene, which confers resistance to vancomycin, less resistant drugs such as ampicillin were found more effective in treating the bacteremia. The second most common form of E. casseliflavus infection was trauma-induced endophthalmitis. This was commonly reported in active young to middle-aged patients. Vitreoretinal surgery and local or systemic administration of sensitive antimicrobial agents seem to be key to successful treatment. Other conditions such as infective endocarditis, meningitis, peritonitis, and pyothorax have also been reported as forms of E. casseliflavus infection. This review clarifies the clinical features of E. casseliflavus infection and provides important insights into its treatment.Keywords: nosocomial infections, bacteremia, endophthalmitis, vancomycin |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T20:42:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4b9add9d4cb2490dacdf2421efcde0a0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1178-6973 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T20:42:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Infection and Drug Resistance |
| spelling | doaj.art-4b9add9d4cb2490dacdf2421efcde0a02023-01-24T18:10:56ZengDove Medical PressInfection and Drug Resistance1178-69732023-01-01Volume 1636336881129Enterococcus casseliflavus Infection: A Review of Clinical Features and TreatmentYoshino YYusuke Yoshino Teikyo University, School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo, JapanCorrespondence: Yusuke Yoshino, Teikyo University, School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan, Tel +81-3-3964-1211, Email yyoshino@med.teikyo-u.ac.jpAbstract: Some Enterococcus species, including Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium, are increasingly becoming a common cause of nosocomial infections, accounting for the majority of human enterococcal infections, while other species, such as E. casseliflavus, have also been shown to be pathogenic to humans due to the increase in immunocompromised patients. These infections vary widely in their mode of transmission, symptoms, and other characteristics. Treatment is difficult in some cases because enterococci are resistant to numerous antimicrobial agents. Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium are the best-known opportunistic pathogens, but others, including E. casseliflavus, occasionally cause opportunistic infections. This review summarizes the clinical features of E. casseliflavus infections and discusses effective therapeutic strategies. Bacteremia was the most common form of E. casseliflavus infections. Because E. casseliflavus carries the VanC gene, which confers resistance to vancomycin, less resistant drugs such as ampicillin were found more effective in treating the bacteremia. The second most common form of E. casseliflavus infection was trauma-induced endophthalmitis. This was commonly reported in active young to middle-aged patients. Vitreoretinal surgery and local or systemic administration of sensitive antimicrobial agents seem to be key to successful treatment. Other conditions such as infective endocarditis, meningitis, peritonitis, and pyothorax have also been reported as forms of E. casseliflavus infection. This review clarifies the clinical features of E. casseliflavus infection and provides important insights into its treatment.Keywords: nosocomial infections, bacteremia, endophthalmitis, vancomycinhttps://www.dovepress.com/enterococcus-casseliflavus-infection-a-review-of-clinical-features-and-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IDRnosocomial infectionsbacteremiaendophthalmitisvancomycin |
| spellingShingle | Yoshino Y Enterococcus casseliflavus Infection: A Review of Clinical Features and Treatment Infection and Drug Resistance nosocomial infections bacteremia endophthalmitis vancomycin |
| title | Enterococcus casseliflavus Infection: A Review of Clinical Features and Treatment |
| title_full | Enterococcus casseliflavus Infection: A Review of Clinical Features and Treatment |
| title_fullStr | Enterococcus casseliflavus Infection: A Review of Clinical Features and Treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enterococcus casseliflavus Infection: A Review of Clinical Features and Treatment |
| title_short | Enterococcus casseliflavus Infection: A Review of Clinical Features and Treatment |
| title_sort | enterococcus casseliflavus infection a review of clinical features and treatment |
| topic | nosocomial infections bacteremia endophthalmitis vancomycin |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/enterococcus-casseliflavus-infection-a-review-of-clinical-features-and-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IDR |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yoshinoy enterococcuscasseliflavusinfectionareviewofclinicalfeaturesandtreatment |