Use of plant-based hallucinogens and dissociative agents: U.S. Time Trends, 2002–2019
Aims: Information on time trends in use of different plant-based hallucinogens is lacking. The current study used nationally representative U.S. data to assess overall and age-specific time trends in the prevalence of lifetime and 12-month use of plant-based hallucinogens and dissociative agents. Me...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Addictive Behaviors Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352853222000499 |
| _version_ | 1811295165260759040 |
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| author | Claire A. Walsh Ofir Livne Dvora Shmulewitz Malki Stohl Deborah S. Hasin |
| author_facet | Claire A. Walsh Ofir Livne Dvora Shmulewitz Malki Stohl Deborah S. Hasin |
| author_sort | Claire A. Walsh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aims: Information on time trends in use of different plant-based hallucinogens is lacking. The current study used nationally representative U.S. data to assess overall and age-specific time trends in the prevalence of lifetime and 12-month use of plant-based hallucinogens and dissociative agents. Methods: Participants were respondents aged ≥ 12 years (N = 1,006,051) from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002–2019. Predictors were continuous years. Outcomes included illicit use of peyote, mescaline, psilocybin, ketamine, salvia, and tryptamine. Sociodemographic variables (gender; age; race/ethnicity; educational level; family income) were modeled as covariates. Trends were estimated overall and by age (12–17, 18–25, 26+). Prevalence differences [PDs] were obtained for each category, along with 95 % confidence intervals [CI]. Results: Increases in lifetime use were observed for psilocybin (2002–2019 PD=+1.61), tryptamine (2006–2014 PD=+0.55; 2015–2019 PD=+0.44), and ketamine (2006–2014 PD=+0.27; 2015–2019 PD=+0.21). Mescaline use decreased (PD = −0.89). While overall lifetime salvia use increased between 2006 and 2014 (PD=+1.81), prevalence did not change between 2015 and 2019. Twelve-month use of tryptamine and ketamine increased between 2006 and 2014 (PD=+0.14; +0.03, respectively). Twelve-month ketamine use also increased from 2015 to 2019 (PD=+0.03). By age, participants aged 12–17 and 18–25 showed decreases in use of most types of hallucinogens, but those age 26+ generally showed increases. Conclusions: While use of plant-based hallucinogens and dissociative agents remains rare, lifetime use of ketamine, tryptamine, and psilocybin is increasing in adults. Considering these increases alongside concerns about unsupervised use of illicit products whose dose and composition is uncertain, clinicians and policymakers should remain mindful of the rising rates of illicit use in the general population. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T05:28:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4b9dd88c51df477aa33a736778f220ad |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2352-8532 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T05:28:46Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Addictive Behaviors Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-4b9dd88c51df477aa33a736778f220ad2022-12-22T03:00:31ZengElsevierAddictive Behaviors Reports2352-85322022-12-0116100454Use of plant-based hallucinogens and dissociative agents: U.S. Time Trends, 2002–2019Claire A. Walsh0Ofir Livne1Dvora Shmulewitz2Malki Stohl3Deborah S. Hasin4New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United StatesDepartment of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United StatesNew York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United StatesNew York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United StatesNew York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; Corresponding author at: Columbia University/New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Box 123, New York, NY 10032, United States.Aims: Information on time trends in use of different plant-based hallucinogens is lacking. The current study used nationally representative U.S. data to assess overall and age-specific time trends in the prevalence of lifetime and 12-month use of plant-based hallucinogens and dissociative agents. Methods: Participants were respondents aged ≥ 12 years (N = 1,006,051) from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002–2019. Predictors were continuous years. Outcomes included illicit use of peyote, mescaline, psilocybin, ketamine, salvia, and tryptamine. Sociodemographic variables (gender; age; race/ethnicity; educational level; family income) were modeled as covariates. Trends were estimated overall and by age (12–17, 18–25, 26+). Prevalence differences [PDs] were obtained for each category, along with 95 % confidence intervals [CI]. Results: Increases in lifetime use were observed for psilocybin (2002–2019 PD=+1.61), tryptamine (2006–2014 PD=+0.55; 2015–2019 PD=+0.44), and ketamine (2006–2014 PD=+0.27; 2015–2019 PD=+0.21). Mescaline use decreased (PD = −0.89). While overall lifetime salvia use increased between 2006 and 2014 (PD=+1.81), prevalence did not change between 2015 and 2019. Twelve-month use of tryptamine and ketamine increased between 2006 and 2014 (PD=+0.14; +0.03, respectively). Twelve-month ketamine use also increased from 2015 to 2019 (PD=+0.03). By age, participants aged 12–17 and 18–25 showed decreases in use of most types of hallucinogens, but those age 26+ generally showed increases. Conclusions: While use of plant-based hallucinogens and dissociative agents remains rare, lifetime use of ketamine, tryptamine, and psilocybin is increasing in adults. Considering these increases alongside concerns about unsupervised use of illicit products whose dose and composition is uncertain, clinicians and policymakers should remain mindful of the rising rates of illicit use in the general population.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352853222000499HallucinogensPsychedelicsKetaminePsilocybinTryptamine psychedelicsDrug use trends |
| spellingShingle | Claire A. Walsh Ofir Livne Dvora Shmulewitz Malki Stohl Deborah S. Hasin Use of plant-based hallucinogens and dissociative agents: U.S. Time Trends, 2002–2019 Addictive Behaviors Reports Hallucinogens Psychedelics Ketamine Psilocybin Tryptamine psychedelics Drug use trends |
| title | Use of plant-based hallucinogens and dissociative agents: U.S. Time Trends, 2002–2019 |
| title_full | Use of plant-based hallucinogens and dissociative agents: U.S. Time Trends, 2002–2019 |
| title_fullStr | Use of plant-based hallucinogens and dissociative agents: U.S. Time Trends, 2002–2019 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Use of plant-based hallucinogens and dissociative agents: U.S. Time Trends, 2002–2019 |
| title_short | Use of plant-based hallucinogens and dissociative agents: U.S. Time Trends, 2002–2019 |
| title_sort | use of plant based hallucinogens and dissociative agents u s time trends 2002 2019 |
| topic | Hallucinogens Psychedelics Ketamine Psilocybin Tryptamine psychedelics Drug use trends |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352853222000499 |
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