Adequate Dietary Intake and Vitamin D Supplementation: A Study of Their Relative Importance in Determining Serum Vitamin D and Ferritin Concentrations during Pregnancy
Vitamin D is essential for human health. However, it is not clear if vitamin D supplementation is necessary for all pregnant women. This study examines the relative importance of dietary patterns and vitamin D supplementation frequency in determining serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and ferritin...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/15/3083 |
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| author | Rosa S. Wong Keith T. S. Tung Yannis W. K. Chan Bianca N. K. Chan Wing-Cheong Leung Jason C. Yam Patrick Ip |
| author_facet | Rosa S. Wong Keith T. S. Tung Yannis W. K. Chan Bianca N. K. Chan Wing-Cheong Leung Jason C. Yam Patrick Ip |
| author_sort | Rosa S. Wong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vitamin D is essential for human health. However, it is not clear if vitamin D supplementation is necessary for all pregnant women. This study examines the relative importance of dietary patterns and vitamin D supplementation frequency in determining serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and ferritin concentrations among pregnant women in Hong Kong, China. A total of 572 healthy women were recruited from antenatal clinics at 25–35 weeks pregnant. Participants completed an electronic version of the food frequency questionnaire and a web questionnaire on supplement use. Their blood samples were tested for serum 25(OH)D and ferritin. The associations of dietary patterns and vitamin D supplementation frequency with serum 25(OH)D and ferritin concentrations were analyzed using moderated hierarchical regression. Two dietary patterns were identified. The adequate dietary intake was characterized by the high probability of meeting recommended daily food group servings, whereas the inadequate dietary intake was characterized by inadequate consumption of vegetables, fruits, meat, fish, and eggs, or alternatives. The association between adequate dietary intake and serum ferritin concentrations was independent of vitamin D supplementation frequency (β = 0.05, <i>p</i> = 0.035), but dietary patterns interacted with vitamin D supplementation frequency to determine serum 25(OH)D concentrations (β = −13.22, <i>p</i> = 0.014). The current study presents evidence on the relative importance of dietary patterns and vitamin D supplementation in maintaining sufficient vitamin D and iron in pregnancy. Antenatal nutrition counselling services should be provided to pregnant women who show signs of inadequate dietary intake. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:06:26Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:06:26Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-4bc07c7907e24ec1a8d572e7b9672bdb2023-12-01T23:05:16ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-07-011415308310.3390/nu14153083Adequate Dietary Intake and Vitamin D Supplementation: A Study of Their Relative Importance in Determining Serum Vitamin D and Ferritin Concentrations during PregnancyRosa S. Wong0Keith T. S. Tung1Yannis W. K. Chan2Bianca N. K. Chan3Wing-Cheong Leung4Jason C. Yam5Patrick Ip6Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ChinaDepartment of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ChinaDepartment of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ChinaDepartment of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ChinaDepartment of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ChinaVitamin D is essential for human health. However, it is not clear if vitamin D supplementation is necessary for all pregnant women. This study examines the relative importance of dietary patterns and vitamin D supplementation frequency in determining serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and ferritin concentrations among pregnant women in Hong Kong, China. A total of 572 healthy women were recruited from antenatal clinics at 25–35 weeks pregnant. Participants completed an electronic version of the food frequency questionnaire and a web questionnaire on supplement use. Their blood samples were tested for serum 25(OH)D and ferritin. The associations of dietary patterns and vitamin D supplementation frequency with serum 25(OH)D and ferritin concentrations were analyzed using moderated hierarchical regression. Two dietary patterns were identified. The adequate dietary intake was characterized by the high probability of meeting recommended daily food group servings, whereas the inadequate dietary intake was characterized by inadequate consumption of vegetables, fruits, meat, fish, and eggs, or alternatives. The association between adequate dietary intake and serum ferritin concentrations was independent of vitamin D supplementation frequency (β = 0.05, <i>p</i> = 0.035), but dietary patterns interacted with vitamin D supplementation frequency to determine serum 25(OH)D concentrations (β = −13.22, <i>p</i> = 0.014). The current study presents evidence on the relative importance of dietary patterns and vitamin D supplementation in maintaining sufficient vitamin D and iron in pregnancy. Antenatal nutrition counselling services should be provided to pregnant women who show signs of inadequate dietary intake.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/15/3083vitamin Dpregnancysupplementationdietary patterns25-hydroxyvitamin D |
| spellingShingle | Rosa S. Wong Keith T. S. Tung Yannis W. K. Chan Bianca N. K. Chan Wing-Cheong Leung Jason C. Yam Patrick Ip Adequate Dietary Intake and Vitamin D Supplementation: A Study of Their Relative Importance in Determining Serum Vitamin D and Ferritin Concentrations during Pregnancy Nutrients vitamin D pregnancy supplementation dietary patterns 25-hydroxyvitamin D |
| title | Adequate Dietary Intake and Vitamin D Supplementation: A Study of Their Relative Importance in Determining Serum Vitamin D and Ferritin Concentrations during Pregnancy |
| title_full | Adequate Dietary Intake and Vitamin D Supplementation: A Study of Their Relative Importance in Determining Serum Vitamin D and Ferritin Concentrations during Pregnancy |
| title_fullStr | Adequate Dietary Intake and Vitamin D Supplementation: A Study of Their Relative Importance in Determining Serum Vitamin D and Ferritin Concentrations during Pregnancy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adequate Dietary Intake and Vitamin D Supplementation: A Study of Their Relative Importance in Determining Serum Vitamin D and Ferritin Concentrations during Pregnancy |
| title_short | Adequate Dietary Intake and Vitamin D Supplementation: A Study of Their Relative Importance in Determining Serum Vitamin D and Ferritin Concentrations during Pregnancy |
| title_sort | adequate dietary intake and vitamin d supplementation a study of their relative importance in determining serum vitamin d and ferritin concentrations during pregnancy |
| topic | vitamin D pregnancy supplementation dietary patterns 25-hydroxyvitamin D |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/15/3083 |
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