CO<sub>2</sub> Emission Factors and Carbon Losses for Off-Road Mining Trucks
There are myriad questions that remain to be answered in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions trading. This article addresses carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emission factors and carbon losses from heavy equipment that is used to transport ores. Differences occurred between the Intergovernment...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-04-01
|
| Series: | Energies |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/7/2659 |
| _version_ | 1797439399909130240 |
|---|---|
| author | João Andrade de Carvalho André de Castro Gutemberg Hespanha Brasil Paulo Antonio de Souza Andrés Z. Mendiburu |
| author_facet | João Andrade de Carvalho André de Castro Gutemberg Hespanha Brasil Paulo Antonio de Souza Andrés Z. Mendiburu |
| author_sort | João Andrade de Carvalho |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | There are myriad questions that remain to be answered in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions trading. This article addresses carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emission factors and carbon losses from heavy equipment that is used to transport ores. Differences occurred between the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) emission factor and those that were obtained by considering incomplete combustion and on-site exhaust concentration measurements. Emissions from four off-road vehicles were analyzed. They operated at idle (loading, unloading, and queuing) and in motion (front and rear, loaded and unloaded). The results show that the average CO<sub>2</sub> emission factors can be as low as 64.8% of the IPCC standard value for diesel fuel. On the other hand, carbon losses can be up to 33.5% and energy losses up to 25.5%. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the method that was developed here is innovative, simple, useful, and easily applicable in determining CO<sub>2</sub> emission factors and fuel losses for heavy machinery. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:52:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4bce76c3d5e844aa9a20ae5332ae7c41 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:52:21Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-4bce76c3d5e844aa9a20ae5332ae7c412023-11-30T23:13:23ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-04-01157265910.3390/en15072659CO<sub>2</sub> Emission Factors and Carbon Losses for Off-Road Mining TrucksJoão Andrade de Carvalho0André de Castro1Gutemberg Hespanha Brasil2Paulo Antonio de Souza3Andrés Z. Mendiburu4Campus of Guaratinguetá, São Paulo State University, Guaratinguetá, CEP 12516-410, BrazilHeatech—Technology for Energy Efficiency, São José dos Campos, CEP 12233-360, BrazilGraduate Program of Economics, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, CEP 29075-910, BrazilSchool of Information and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4111, AustraliaInternational Research Group for Energy Sustainability (IRGES), Porto Alegre, CEP 90040-060, BrazilThere are myriad questions that remain to be answered in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions trading. This article addresses carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emission factors and carbon losses from heavy equipment that is used to transport ores. Differences occurred between the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) emission factor and those that were obtained by considering incomplete combustion and on-site exhaust concentration measurements. Emissions from four off-road vehicles were analyzed. They operated at idle (loading, unloading, and queuing) and in motion (front and rear, loaded and unloaded). The results show that the average CO<sub>2</sub> emission factors can be as low as 64.8% of the IPCC standard value for diesel fuel. On the other hand, carbon losses can be up to 33.5% and energy losses up to 25.5%. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the method that was developed here is innovative, simple, useful, and easily applicable in determining CO<sub>2</sub> emission factors and fuel losses for heavy machinery.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/7/2659CO<sub>2</sub> emission ratescarbon lossesheavy duty equipment |
| spellingShingle | João Andrade de Carvalho André de Castro Gutemberg Hespanha Brasil Paulo Antonio de Souza Andrés Z. Mendiburu CO<sub>2</sub> Emission Factors and Carbon Losses for Off-Road Mining Trucks Energies CO<sub>2</sub> emission rates carbon losses heavy duty equipment |
| title | CO<sub>2</sub> Emission Factors and Carbon Losses for Off-Road Mining Trucks |
| title_full | CO<sub>2</sub> Emission Factors and Carbon Losses for Off-Road Mining Trucks |
| title_fullStr | CO<sub>2</sub> Emission Factors and Carbon Losses for Off-Road Mining Trucks |
| title_full_unstemmed | CO<sub>2</sub> Emission Factors and Carbon Losses for Off-Road Mining Trucks |
| title_short | CO<sub>2</sub> Emission Factors and Carbon Losses for Off-Road Mining Trucks |
| title_sort | co sub 2 sub emission factors and carbon losses for off road mining trucks |
| topic | CO<sub>2</sub> emission rates carbon losses heavy duty equipment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/7/2659 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT joaoandradedecarvalho cosub2subemissionfactorsandcarbonlossesforoffroadminingtrucks AT andredecastro cosub2subemissionfactorsandcarbonlossesforoffroadminingtrucks AT gutemberghespanhabrasil cosub2subemissionfactorsandcarbonlossesforoffroadminingtrucks AT pauloantoniodesouza cosub2subemissionfactorsandcarbonlossesforoffroadminingtrucks AT andreszmendiburu cosub2subemissionfactorsandcarbonlossesforoffroadminingtrucks |