Human Palatine Tonsils Are Linked to Alzheimer’s Disease through Function of Reservoir of Amyloid Beta Protein Associated with Bacterial Infection
Amyloid-β (Aβ)-peptide production or deposition in the neuropathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was shown to be caused by chronic inflammation that may be induced by infection, but the role of pathogenic-bacteria-related AD-associated Aβ is not yet clearly understood. In this study, we validated t...
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/15/2285 |
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| author | Jung Yeon Lim Jung Eun Lee Han Kyung Kim Yeon-Joon Park Jung Ho Jeon Soon-A. Park Naeun Lee Il Hwan Lee Do Hyun Kim Seung Ho Yang Jongman Yoo Sung Won Kim |
| author_facet | Jung Yeon Lim Jung Eun Lee Han Kyung Kim Yeon-Joon Park Jung Ho Jeon Soon-A. Park Naeun Lee Il Hwan Lee Do Hyun Kim Seung Ho Yang Jongman Yoo Sung Won Kim |
| author_sort | Jung Yeon Lim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Amyloid-β (Aβ)-peptide production or deposition in the neuropathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was shown to be caused by chronic inflammation that may be induced by infection, but the role of pathogenic-bacteria-related AD-associated Aβ is not yet clearly understood. In this study, we validated the hypothesis that there is a correlation between the Aβ-protein load and bacterial infection and that there are effects of bacteria, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>), on the Aβ load in the inflammatory environment of human tonsils. Here, we detected Aβ-peptide deposits in human tonsil tissue as well as tissue similar to tonsilloliths found in the olfactory cleft. Interestingly, we demonstrated for the first time the presence of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) clustered around or embedded in the Aβ deposits. Notably, we showed that treatment with <i>S. aureus</i> upregulated the Aβ-protein load in cultures of human tonsil organoids and brain organoids, showing the new role of <i>S. aureus</i> in Aβ-protein aggregation. These findings suggest that a reservoir of Aβ and pathogenic bacteria may be a possible therapeutic target in human tonsils, supporting the treatment of antibiotics to prevent the deposition of Aβ peptides via the removal of pathogens in the intervention of AD pathogenesis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:09:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4bd1cc36d95643e1910685aedf186f1a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:09:20Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-4bd1cc36d95643e1910685aedf186f1a2023-12-01T22:52:35ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092022-07-011115228510.3390/cells11152285Human Palatine Tonsils Are Linked to Alzheimer’s Disease through Function of Reservoir of Amyloid Beta Protein Associated with Bacterial InfectionJung Yeon Lim0Jung Eun Lee1Han Kyung Kim2Yeon-Joon Park3Jung Ho Jeon4Soon-A. Park5Naeun Lee6Il Hwan Lee7Do Hyun Kim8Seung Ho Yang9Jongman Yoo10Sung Won Kim11Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, KoreaDepartment of Neurosurgery, St. Vincent Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon 16247, KoreaDepartment of Microbiology, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13415, KoreaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, KoreaDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, KoreaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, KoreaCenter for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, KoreaDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, KoreaDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, KoreaDepartment of Neurosurgery, St. Vincent Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon 16247, KoreaDepartment of Microbiology, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13415, KoreaDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, KoreaAmyloid-β (Aβ)-peptide production or deposition in the neuropathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was shown to be caused by chronic inflammation that may be induced by infection, but the role of pathogenic-bacteria-related AD-associated Aβ is not yet clearly understood. In this study, we validated the hypothesis that there is a correlation between the Aβ-protein load and bacterial infection and that there are effects of bacteria, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>), on the Aβ load in the inflammatory environment of human tonsils. Here, we detected Aβ-peptide deposits in human tonsil tissue as well as tissue similar to tonsilloliths found in the olfactory cleft. Interestingly, we demonstrated for the first time the presence of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) clustered around or embedded in the Aβ deposits. Notably, we showed that treatment with <i>S. aureus</i> upregulated the Aβ-protein load in cultures of human tonsil organoids and brain organoids, showing the new role of <i>S. aureus</i> in Aβ-protein aggregation. These findings suggest that a reservoir of Aβ and pathogenic bacteria may be a possible therapeutic target in human tonsils, supporting the treatment of antibiotics to prevent the deposition of Aβ peptides via the removal of pathogens in the intervention of AD pathogenesis.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/15/2285amyloid betabrain organoidhuman palatine tonsil<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>tonsil organoid |
| spellingShingle | Jung Yeon Lim Jung Eun Lee Han Kyung Kim Yeon-Joon Park Jung Ho Jeon Soon-A. Park Naeun Lee Il Hwan Lee Do Hyun Kim Seung Ho Yang Jongman Yoo Sung Won Kim Human Palatine Tonsils Are Linked to Alzheimer’s Disease through Function of Reservoir of Amyloid Beta Protein Associated with Bacterial Infection Cells amyloid beta brain organoid human palatine tonsil <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> tonsil organoid |
| title | Human Palatine Tonsils Are Linked to Alzheimer’s Disease through Function of Reservoir of Amyloid Beta Protein Associated with Bacterial Infection |
| title_full | Human Palatine Tonsils Are Linked to Alzheimer’s Disease through Function of Reservoir of Amyloid Beta Protein Associated with Bacterial Infection |
| title_fullStr | Human Palatine Tonsils Are Linked to Alzheimer’s Disease through Function of Reservoir of Amyloid Beta Protein Associated with Bacterial Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Human Palatine Tonsils Are Linked to Alzheimer’s Disease through Function of Reservoir of Amyloid Beta Protein Associated with Bacterial Infection |
| title_short | Human Palatine Tonsils Are Linked to Alzheimer’s Disease through Function of Reservoir of Amyloid Beta Protein Associated with Bacterial Infection |
| title_sort | human palatine tonsils are linked to alzheimer s disease through function of reservoir of amyloid beta protein associated with bacterial infection |
| topic | amyloid beta brain organoid human palatine tonsil <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> tonsil organoid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/15/2285 |
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