Agro-Pellets from Oil Palm Residues/Pine Sawdust Mixtures: Relationships of Their Physical, Mechanical and Energetic Properties, with the Raw Material Chemical Structure
The need for biomass as an alternative source for energy purposes points toward oil palm fruit residues (<i>Elaeis guineensis</i> Jacq.) as an attractive solution. Oil palm industry residue, such as oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) composites and mesocarp fiber (PMF), have a high gross c...
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/18/6383 |
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| author | Artemio Carrillo-Parra Juan Carlos Contreras-Trejo Marín Pompa-García Miguel Ángel Pulgarín-Gámiz José Guadalupe Rutiaga-Quiñones Gerardo Pámanes-Carrasco Maginot Ngangyo-Heya |
| author_facet | Artemio Carrillo-Parra Juan Carlos Contreras-Trejo Marín Pompa-García Miguel Ángel Pulgarín-Gámiz José Guadalupe Rutiaga-Quiñones Gerardo Pámanes-Carrasco Maginot Ngangyo-Heya |
| author_sort | Artemio Carrillo-Parra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The need for biomass as an alternative source for energy purposes points toward oil palm fruit residues (<i>Elaeis guineensis</i> Jacq.) as an attractive solution. Oil palm industry residue, such as oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) composites and mesocarp fiber (PMF), have a high gross calorific value and could help countries meet their energy demands. However, information concerning physical, mechanical, and energy characteristics of agro-pellets made from mixtures of oil palm residue with pine sawdust, is not available. In this research, oil palm residues were mixed at ratios of 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80, and 0:100 with pine sawdust, and were chemically analyzed. Agro-pellets from mixtures were tested on their physical and mechanical properties, and the relationship of these properties with the chemical composition of oil palm residue mixtures was determined. Normality distribution tests of the variables were performed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Normal variables were analyzed through one-way ANOVA tests. When differences were found, they were validated using the Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test and were considered statistically significant at <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05. Data not normally distributed were analyzed by the Kruskal–Wallis test. Bulk density, particle density, and gross calorific value of agro-pellets (from mixing 80:20 oil palm residues with pine sawdust) were statistically higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) to agro-pellets of 100% oil palm residues. Adding pine sawdust to oil palm residues increases some mechanical agro-pellet properties. Addition of pine sawdust to oil palm residues acts to increase some mechanical properties of agro-pellets. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:21:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4bd2d68137504ff18f6f7c721737ae19 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:21:25Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-4bd2d68137504ff18f6f7c721737ae192023-11-20T13:35:28ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172020-09-011018638310.3390/app10186383Agro-Pellets from Oil Palm Residues/Pine Sawdust Mixtures: Relationships of Their Physical, Mechanical and Energetic Properties, with the Raw Material Chemical StructureArtemio Carrillo-Parra0Juan Carlos Contreras-Trejo1Marín Pompa-García2Miguel Ángel Pulgarín-Gámiz3José Guadalupe Rutiaga-Quiñones4Gerardo Pámanes-Carrasco5Maginot Ngangyo-Heya6Institute of Silviculture and Wood Industry (ISIMA), Juarez University of the State of Durango (UJED), Boulevard del Guadiana 501, Ciudad Universitaria, Torre de Investigación, Durango 34120, MexicoForestry Faculty (FF), Juarez University of the State of Durango (UJED), Río Papaloapan and Blvd. Durango S/N Col. Valle del Sur, Durango CP 34120, MexicoForestry Faculty (FF), Juarez University of the State of Durango (UJED), Río Papaloapan and Blvd. Durango S/N Col. Valle del Sur, Durango CP 34120, MexicoForestry Faculty (FF), Juarez University of the State of Durango (UJED), Río Papaloapan and Blvd. Durango S/N Col. Valle del Sur, Durango CP 34120, MexicoWood Technology Engineering Faculty (FITECMA), State University of Michoacán (UMSNH), Av. Fco J Mugias s/n, CU, Col. Felicitas del Rio, Morelia CP 58040, Michoacán, MexicoInstitute of Silviculture and Wood Industry (ISIMA), Juarez University of the State of Durango (UJED), Boulevard del Guadiana 501, Ciudad Universitaria, Torre de Investigación, Durango 34120, MexicoFaculty of Agronomy (FA), Autonomous University of Nuevo León (UANL), Francisco Villa s/n, Col. Ex-Hacienda “El Canadá”, Escobedo 66050, Nuevo León, MexicoThe need for biomass as an alternative source for energy purposes points toward oil palm fruit residues (<i>Elaeis guineensis</i> Jacq.) as an attractive solution. Oil palm industry residue, such as oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) composites and mesocarp fiber (PMF), have a high gross calorific value and could help countries meet their energy demands. However, information concerning physical, mechanical, and energy characteristics of agro-pellets made from mixtures of oil palm residue with pine sawdust, is not available. In this research, oil palm residues were mixed at ratios of 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80, and 0:100 with pine sawdust, and were chemically analyzed. Agro-pellets from mixtures were tested on their physical and mechanical properties, and the relationship of these properties with the chemical composition of oil palm residue mixtures was determined. Normality distribution tests of the variables were performed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Normal variables were analyzed through one-way ANOVA tests. When differences were found, they were validated using the Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test and were considered statistically significant at <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05. Data not normally distributed were analyzed by the Kruskal–Wallis test. Bulk density, particle density, and gross calorific value of agro-pellets (from mixing 80:20 oil palm residues with pine sawdust) were statistically higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) to agro-pellets of 100% oil palm residues. Adding pine sawdust to oil palm residues increases some mechanical agro-pellet properties. Addition of pine sawdust to oil palm residues acts to increase some mechanical properties of agro-pellets.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/18/6383agro-pelletsbioenergybiomass sourcesoil palm fruit residuespine sawdust |
| spellingShingle | Artemio Carrillo-Parra Juan Carlos Contreras-Trejo Marín Pompa-García Miguel Ángel Pulgarín-Gámiz José Guadalupe Rutiaga-Quiñones Gerardo Pámanes-Carrasco Maginot Ngangyo-Heya Agro-Pellets from Oil Palm Residues/Pine Sawdust Mixtures: Relationships of Their Physical, Mechanical and Energetic Properties, with the Raw Material Chemical Structure Applied Sciences agro-pellets bioenergy biomass sources oil palm fruit residues pine sawdust |
| title | Agro-Pellets from Oil Palm Residues/Pine Sawdust Mixtures: Relationships of Their Physical, Mechanical and Energetic Properties, with the Raw Material Chemical Structure |
| title_full | Agro-Pellets from Oil Palm Residues/Pine Sawdust Mixtures: Relationships of Their Physical, Mechanical and Energetic Properties, with the Raw Material Chemical Structure |
| title_fullStr | Agro-Pellets from Oil Palm Residues/Pine Sawdust Mixtures: Relationships of Their Physical, Mechanical and Energetic Properties, with the Raw Material Chemical Structure |
| title_full_unstemmed | Agro-Pellets from Oil Palm Residues/Pine Sawdust Mixtures: Relationships of Their Physical, Mechanical and Energetic Properties, with the Raw Material Chemical Structure |
| title_short | Agro-Pellets from Oil Palm Residues/Pine Sawdust Mixtures: Relationships of Their Physical, Mechanical and Energetic Properties, with the Raw Material Chemical Structure |
| title_sort | agro pellets from oil palm residues pine sawdust mixtures relationships of their physical mechanical and energetic properties with the raw material chemical structure |
| topic | agro-pellets bioenergy biomass sources oil palm fruit residues pine sawdust |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/18/6383 |
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