Nitrogen Intake and Its Partition on Urine, Dung and Products of Dairy and Beef Cattle in Chile
Nitrogen that is excreted through the urine and dung of cattle is an important source of nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions. In Chile, several studies have evaluated nitrogen (N) intake and its partitioning into urine and dung from beef and dairy cattle, however, there are no studies collating all...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/1/15 |
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| author | Ignacio E. Beltran Ivan Calvache Rocio Cofre Francisco Salazar Juan P. Keim Alvaro Morales Ruben G. Pulido Marta Alfaro |
| author_facet | Ignacio E. Beltran Ivan Calvache Rocio Cofre Francisco Salazar Juan P. Keim Alvaro Morales Ruben G. Pulido Marta Alfaro |
| author_sort | Ignacio E. Beltran |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nitrogen that is excreted through the urine and dung of cattle is an important source of nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions. In Chile, several studies have evaluated nitrogen (N) intake and its partitioning into urine and dung from beef and dairy cattle, however, there are no studies collating all data into one central database, which would allow an estimation of N excretion and its key variables to be developed. The aim of this study was to determine the N partition (milk or meat, urine and dung) and variables influencing the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and urinary N excretion of cattle based on a database generated from Chilean studies. The search of studies was carried out using a keyword list in different web-based platforms. Nitrogen excretion into urine and dung was calculated using equations reported in the literature for beef and dairy cattle. Mixed models were used to identify variables influencing the N partitioning. Nitrogen intake and its partitioning into the animal product, urine and dung were higher for dairy compared to beef cattle. For dairy cattle, NUE was influenced by milk yield, the non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC)/crude protein ratio, acid detergent fiber intake and milk urea N (MUN), while urinary N excretion was influenced by milk yield, MUN and NFC intake. For beef cattle, N intake and its excretion were greater for grazing compared to the confined system, while NUE was greater for confined animals. This database supplies new information on N intake and its partitioning (milk, meat, urine and dung) for dairy and beef cattle, which can be used for the estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from pasture-based livestock in Chile. Additionally, our study supplies new information on nutritional variables determining NUE and urinary N excretion for dairy cattle, which can be used by farmers to reduce N excretion into the environment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:08:26Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:08:26Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-4be7c48365d14c83b034dad7c4602b0a2023-11-23T12:36:50ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952021-12-011211510.3390/agronomy12010015Nitrogen Intake and Its Partition on Urine, Dung and Products of Dairy and Beef Cattle in ChileIgnacio E. Beltran0Ivan Calvache1Rocio Cofre2Francisco Salazar3Juan P. Keim4Alvaro Morales5Ruben G. Pulido6Marta Alfaro7Agricultural Research Institute, INIA Remehue, Casilla 24-O, Osorno 5290000, ChileFaculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Institute of Animal Production, Austral University of Chile, Independencia 641, Valdivia 5110566, ChileFaculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Institute of Animal Production, Austral University of Chile, Independencia 641, Valdivia 5110566, ChileAgricultural Research Institute, INIA Remehue, Casilla 24-O, Osorno 5290000, ChileFaculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Institute of Animal Production, Austral University of Chile, Independencia 641, Valdivia 5110566, ChileFaculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Animal Science, Austral University of Chile, Independencia 641, Valdivia 5110566, ChileFaculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Animal Science, Austral University of Chile, Independencia 641, Valdivia 5110566, ChileAgricultural Research Institute, INIA Remehue, Casilla 24-O, Osorno 5290000, ChileNitrogen that is excreted through the urine and dung of cattle is an important source of nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions. In Chile, several studies have evaluated nitrogen (N) intake and its partitioning into urine and dung from beef and dairy cattle, however, there are no studies collating all data into one central database, which would allow an estimation of N excretion and its key variables to be developed. The aim of this study was to determine the N partition (milk or meat, urine and dung) and variables influencing the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and urinary N excretion of cattle based on a database generated from Chilean studies. The search of studies was carried out using a keyword list in different web-based platforms. Nitrogen excretion into urine and dung was calculated using equations reported in the literature for beef and dairy cattle. Mixed models were used to identify variables influencing the N partitioning. Nitrogen intake and its partitioning into the animal product, urine and dung were higher for dairy compared to beef cattle. For dairy cattle, NUE was influenced by milk yield, the non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC)/crude protein ratio, acid detergent fiber intake and milk urea N (MUN), while urinary N excretion was influenced by milk yield, MUN and NFC intake. For beef cattle, N intake and its excretion were greater for grazing compared to the confined system, while NUE was greater for confined animals. This database supplies new information on N intake and its partitioning (milk, meat, urine and dung) for dairy and beef cattle, which can be used for the estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from pasture-based livestock in Chile. Additionally, our study supplies new information on nutritional variables determining NUE and urinary N excretion for dairy cattle, which can be used by farmers to reduce N excretion into the environment.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/1/15cattlegreenhouse gas emissionsnitrogen excretionpasturepollution |
| spellingShingle | Ignacio E. Beltran Ivan Calvache Rocio Cofre Francisco Salazar Juan P. Keim Alvaro Morales Ruben G. Pulido Marta Alfaro Nitrogen Intake and Its Partition on Urine, Dung and Products of Dairy and Beef Cattle in Chile Agronomy cattle greenhouse gas emissions nitrogen excretion pasture pollution |
| title | Nitrogen Intake and Its Partition on Urine, Dung and Products of Dairy and Beef Cattle in Chile |
| title_full | Nitrogen Intake and Its Partition on Urine, Dung and Products of Dairy and Beef Cattle in Chile |
| title_fullStr | Nitrogen Intake and Its Partition on Urine, Dung and Products of Dairy and Beef Cattle in Chile |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nitrogen Intake and Its Partition on Urine, Dung and Products of Dairy and Beef Cattle in Chile |
| title_short | Nitrogen Intake and Its Partition on Urine, Dung and Products of Dairy and Beef Cattle in Chile |
| title_sort | nitrogen intake and its partition on urine dung and products of dairy and beef cattle in chile |
| topic | cattle greenhouse gas emissions nitrogen excretion pasture pollution |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/1/15 |
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